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Audio and sound reinforcement > Audio and sound reinforcement > Flashcards

Audio and sound reinforcement Flashcards

1
Q 
What we hear as sound is 'a class of
physical kinetic energy called \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_ \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_.
A

acoustical energy

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2
Q

What is acoustical energy?

A

Acoustical energy consists of fluctuating waves of pressure in a physical medium - usually air.

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3
Q

What is the rate of air pressure fluctuation

called ?

A

frequency of the wave

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4
Q

What is the period of the wave?

A

The amount of time required for one complete cycle of a sound wave.

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5
Q

What does a single complete cycle of an acoustical pressure wave consists of ?

A

one half-cycle of compression (higher pressure) of the air molecules, followed by one half-cycle of rarefaction (lower pressure) of the molecules

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6
Q

In order to be classified as sound, waves
of pressure in air must fluctuate at a
rate between _____ and _______ complete
cycles per second (cps)

A

20 and 20,000

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7
Q

A wave’s period is expressed in _____ ___ ____

A

seconds per cycle

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8
Q

What musical attribute does frequency correspond with?

A

pitch

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9
Q

What is the equation for a waves period?

A

Period =1 / Frequency

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10
Q

True or False

The lower the frequency the higher the pitch?

A

False

The higher the frequency the higher the pitch

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11
Q

What is the unit of measurement of frequency?

A

Hertz

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12
Q

What is the equation of wavelength?

A

Wavelength = speed of sound/ Frequency

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13
Q

At what speed does sound wave travel through air?

A

Sound waves travel through air at the speed of 1130 ft/sec (344 m/sec) at sea level on a standard temperature day (which is 59 degrees Farenheit or
15 degrees Celsius).

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14
Q

What is wavelength?

A

The physical distance covered by one
complete cycle of a given frequency
sound as it passes through air is called
the wavelength.

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15
Q

The amplitude, or strength, of an audio signal is called the _____ ____.

A

signal level

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16
Q

What is an audio signal?

A

An audio signal is an electrical representation of a sound, in the form of a fluctuating voltage or current

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17
Q

What is the phase of signal?

A

The time relationship of a sound wave (or an audio signal) to a known time reference

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18
Q

The speed of sound is _________ of frequency

A

independent

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19
Q

What is phase expressed in ?

A

Degrees

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20
Q

Level (acoustical or electrical) is specified in

A

decibels

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21
Q

One complete cycle of a sine wave equals

A

360 degrees.

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22
Q

Why is phase need to be controlled?

A

It affects how sounds add together

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23
Q

What is a sound system?

A

A sound system is a functional arrangement of electronic components that is designed to amplify (increase the strength of) sound.

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24
Q

What is a sine wave?

A

A sine wave is a pure tone, a fundamental frequency with no harmonics (representing something like the sound of a flute).

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25
Sound systems amplify sound by converting it into _______ -________
electrical energy
26
What is the fluctuating current/voltage in a input transducer is known as?
audio signal
27
What is a transducers?
In audio electronics, devices that convert energy from one form into another
28
Describe a Air Pressure or Velocity Microphones ?
convert sound waves traveling in air into an audio signal traveling in the mic cable.
29
What are the 3 reasons for sound systems?
A) To help people hear something better. B) To make sound louder for artistic reasons. C) To enable people to hear sound in remote locations.
30
What is a input transducer?
converts sound into a fluctuating electrical current or voltage which is a precise representation of the sound
31
What are signal processors?
Devices that change one or more aspects of an audio signal
32
What is Woofer loudspeakers?
designed specifically to reproduce low frequencies (usually below 500 Hz). Woofers sometimes are used to reproduce both low frequencies and some mid frequencies (normally not higher than 1.5 kHz)
33
________ ______ convert fluctuating waves of induced magnetism into an audio signal. Found on electric stringed instruments. This describes what input transducers?
Magnetic Pickups
34
What are Phonograph Pickups (cartridges)?
convert physical movement of a stylus ("needle") into an audio signal. I
35
What is the output transducer?
converts the amplified or otherwise processed audio signal back into sound.
36
convert fluctuating magnetic fields (imprinted on | magnetic recording tape) into an audio signal. This describes
Tape Heads
37
Which output transducer was formerly called "squawkers?
Midrange loudspeakers
38
What are Contact Pickups?
convert sound waves in a dense medium (wood, metal, skin) into an audio signal.
39
______ full-range transducers designed to fit snugly | on the ears. Some designs block out ambient (external) sound, while others do not
Headphones
40
What is Monitor loudspeakers?
full range loudspeakers that are pointed at the performer on stage, rather than out into the audience
41
What are Laser Pickups?
Convert imprinted patterns on a compact disc | into a digital data stream that is then translated by a DAC (Digital to-Analog Converter) into an analog audio signal.
42
Describe the Midrange loudspeakers
designed specifically to reproduce mid frequencies | typically above 500 Hz
43
What are Contact Pickups?
convert sound waves in a dense medium (wood, metal, skin) into an audio signal.
44
_______ _______ convert variations in the density or transparent area of a photographic film into an audio signal.
Optical Pickups
45
Which input transducer is found on electric stringed instruments?
Magnetic Pickups
46
_______ ______ are sometimes used on acoustic | stringed instruments such as guitar, mandolin, violin,
Contact Pickups
47
What are Optical Pickups typically used in?
Used for most motion picture sound tracks
48
Describe the usage of woofers.
Woofers sometimes are used to reproduce both low frequencies and some mid frequencies (normally not higher than 1.5 kHz).
49
______ ______integrated systems incorporating | woofer and tweeter (and, if used, midrange) drivers in a single enclosure.
Full-range loudspeakers
50
Tweeter loudspeakers are designed to reproduce the ______1_____ (normally __2__ than __3___, and usually above 6 kHz).
1. highest frequencies 2. higher 3. 1.5 kHz
51
What are Super-tweeter loudspeakers?
used to extend the range of full range systems in the highest frequencies (usually above 10 kHz)
52
Describe the use of full-range loudspeaker
As the name implies, they are designed to reproduce the full audio range (more or less).
53
____ ____ full range loudspeakers that are pointed | at the performer on stage, rather than out into the audience
Monitor loudspeakers
54
What is the professional name for foldback?
Monitor loudspeakers
55
What type of drivers are used in subwoofer loudspeaker?
Cone-type drivers are used nearly exclusively, and typically measure from 15 to 24 inches in diameter, although a few special units are available with cone diameters approaching 5 feet.
56
What is the range of full-ranger loudspeakers?
their range rarely extends below about 60 Hz.
57
Typically, _________ drivers are used as woofers, measuring from 8 to 18 inches in diameter
cone-type
58
What occurs when audio signals are mixed in a console, or when sound waves mix in the air?
they add algebraically
59
What is a sine wave?
A sine wave is a pure tone, a fundamental frequency with no harmonics
60
What are the uses of monitor loudspeaker?
They are used to return a portion of the program to the performer, to help him or her stay in tune and in time

Audio and sound reinforcement (5 decks)

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