audição

Question 1

sequencia de processamento de som

Answer 1

transformation, integration, interpretation

Question 2

transformation

Answer 2

transformation the time-varying acusticmsignal into a perceptual representation

Question 3

integration

Answer 3

combining the extracted information with information from memory and semantic to create an abstract representation

Question 4

interpretation

Answer 4

interpretation of the abstract to guide the categorical decisions that determine behavior

Question 5

nature of sound

Answer 5

motion or vibration transferred to the surrounding as pressure waves, quizzed and starched

Question 6

frequency

Answer 6

hz, sound pitch

Question 7

amplitude

Answer 7

decibeis, loudness

Question 8

spectpgram

Answer 8

vidual representation of the spectrum of frequencias of a signal as it varies with time

Question 9

timbre

Answer 9

quality of sound that enables us to distuinsh sounds from different instruments

Question 10

outer ear

Answer 10

collects sounds and trasfers them to the eardrum

Question 11

middle eat

Answer 11

amplification converts airbone vibrations to liquid-borne vibrations

Question 12

inner ear

Answer 12

converts liquid-borne sounds into neural impulses

Question 13

cochlea

Answer 13

part of the inner ear that converts the liquid-borne sounds to eletric impulses. done by hair cell in the basilar membrane

Question 14

basilar membrane

Answer 14

separates sounds into their basic frequencies. it has tonotopic organization

Question 15

tonotopic organization

Answer 15

different parts of the basilar membrane are sensitive to different frequencies of the sound, sounds that are close to each other in their frequency are represented by spatially close neurons

Question 16

primary auditory cortex/A1/core area

Answer 16

located in the transverse gyrus of Heschl on the upper part of the superior temporal gyrus

Question 17

secondary auditory cortex

Answer 17

belt and parabelt, with tonotopic organization

Question 18

hierarchical processing

Answer 18

code neurons - simple features

belt and parabelt - complex features (wide frequency range, vocalization, particular loudness or location)

Question 19

the ventral stream

Answer 19

WHAT is

Question 20

the dorsal stream

Answer 20

WHERE is

Question 21

Auditory object

Answer 21

computational result of the auditory sstem’s ability to detect, extract, segregate and group the spectotemporal information

Question 22

Dois grupos based on acoustic cues

Answer 22

simultaneous grouping and sequential grouping

Question 23

Como é que os neuronios representam a identifidade de um objeto?

Answer 23

distributed coding models: vários neurónios o representam com intensidades diferentes
sparse-coding models: apenas alguns neurónios são ativados na presença do estimulo

Question 24

sound localization depends on

Answer 24

1- Interaural time difference(ITD) and interaural loudness difference(ILD)
2- distorcion of the sound by the head and pinnal

Question 25

Thalamocortical route

Answer 25

medial genicultae nucleus projects to primary auditory cortex

Question 26

sensitivity

Answer 26

temporal > spatial