Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

PSYC 337 (psychopathology) > AUD and SUD > Flashcards

AUD and SUD Flashcards

1
Q
A
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

what is the HiTOP model for substance-related disorders?

A

disinhibited externalizing
-> substance abuse
-> substance-related disorders

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

how was alcoholism/drug dependence conceptualized in the DSM-I?

A

as a symptom of sociopathic personality disorder

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

how was alcoholism/drug dependence conceptualized in the DSM-II? what changed since the DSM-I?

A
  • still conceptualized as a PD
  • first specified the type of substance that was being used
  • introduced some specific criteria, such as the inability to go one day without drinking
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

how was alcoholism/drug dependence conceptualized in the DSM-III? what changed since the DSM-II?

A
  • substance use disorders became separated from PDs
  • established a set of diagnostic criteria, distinguishing between abuse and dependence
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

what is the difference between substance abuse and dependence, according to past iterations of the DSM?

A
  • dependence more severe than abuse
  • abuse: use to the point of causing social or occupational problems
  • dependence: use marked by either withdrawal effects or gradual increase in use
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

what are the specifiers for AUD in the DSM-V?

A
  1. severity
    - mild: 2-3 symptoms
    - moderate: 4-5
    - severe: 6+
  2. remission and environmental specifiers when appropriate
    - early remission: 3-12 months no alcohol
    - sustained remission: 12+ months
    - controlled environment: individual is confined to a place where alcohol is restricted
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

what are the 4 general groupings of indicators for AUD in the DSM-V?

A
  1. impairment of control
  2. social impairment
  3. risky use
  4. pharmacological dependence
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

what are the 5 main categories of substance-related disorders?

A
  1. depressants
  2. stimulants
  3. hallucinogens
  4. opiates
  5. other drugs of abuse
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

what are the top 3 most addictive substances?

A
  1. nicotine
  2. smoked (ice/glass) meth
  3. crack
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

what is the lifetime prevalence of AUD?

A

13.2%

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

what is the gender difference for AUD diagnosis?

A
  • rates 2-5x higher in men, though the difference is smaller in the West
  • women deteriorate more quickly
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

how common is comorbid diagnosis in AUD patients?

A

35-40%

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

what are the main social/behavioural correlates of AUD?

A
  1. vulnerability to injury
  2. marital discord
  3. IPV
  4. illness
  5. neurocognitive impairments
  6. decreased lifespan and suicidal behaviour
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

according to the results of George Vaillant’s study on AUD/SUD, how long does one have to be sober before chance of relapse is deemed very unlikely?

A

5 years

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

what are the 4 groups identified in the study from Witkiewitz et al on alcohol consumption? which groups are most vs least commonly seen in the population?

A

from most to least common…
1. high-functioning infrequent drinkers
2. high-functioning heavy drinkers
3. low-functioning infrequent heavy drinkers
4. low-functioning frequent heavy drinkers

17
Q

what are the main vulnerability factors of AUD?

A
  1. early onset of drinking (before age 15)
  2. family history of AUD
  3. high tolerance
18
Q

what is the neurobiology behind addiction and cravings?

A
  • mesocorticolimbic pathway: VTA -> nucleus accumbens -> PFC
  • dopamine is produced in the VTA -> nucleus accumbens, hippocampus, and amygdala -> increases response to rewards
  • this dopamine response creates a learned association between a cue and a reward
  • cue without reward leads to crash in dopamine activity
19
Q

what is the deviance proneness theory of SUD?

A

SUD stems from a more general deviant pattern that has its roots in childhood and is attributable to deficient socialization

20
Q

which neurotransmitter contributes to the stimulating effects of alcohol? what are its consequences in the body?

A
  • increases in norepinephrine
  • associated with increased impulsivity
21
Q

what is the proposed relationship between GABA and AUD susceptibility?

A
  • alcohol is a GABA agonist (mimics its effects)
  • GABA reduces excitability in the nervous system by inhibiting the dopamine response
  • certain genes governing GABA activity may be implicated in the risk of AUD
22
Q

what is the most widely consumed/abused class of drugs?

A

stimulants

23
Q

which neurotransmitter do amphetamines act on?

A

increases release of dopamine and norepinephrine and blocks reuptake, producing feelings of elation and reduced fatigue

24
Q

what is the difference between an opiate and and opioid?

A
  • opiate: natural chemical with narcotic effects
  • opioid: broader class of natural and synthetic substances with narcotic effects
25
Q

what is the criterion A for an AUD diagnosis? how many other symptoms are needed? over what period of time?

A
  • displays a maladaptive pattern of alcohol use leading to significant impairment or distress
  • +2 other symptoms
  • 1 year period
26
Q

what is the SORC model of alcoholism?

A

stimulus + organism + response + consequences

27
Q

what is the SORC model of treatment for AUD?

A
  1. teach patient skills for reducing/eliminating excessive drinking
  2. help the spouse see their role in their partner’s drinking
  3. offer communication and problem-solving training to help improve marital functioning
28
Q

what are the two proposed dimensional factors regarding cross-cultural alcohol dependence?

A
  1. wet vs dry cultures
  2. temperance vs non-temperance cultures
29
Q

what is the etiological biopsychosocial model of alcoholism?

A

psychosocial factors:
- cognitions (expectancy theory, tension reduction theory)
- personality traits (antisocial traits, negative affect, impulsivity)
- environmental variables (social learning theories)
biological factors:
- genetics (alcohol sensitivity, metabolism)
- neurobiology (dopamine irregularities, psychostimulant theory, role of motivation and reward mechanisms

30
Q

which 3 pharmacological treatments are found to be the most effective in treating AUD?

A
  • acamposate
  • naltrexone
  • vivitrol
31
Q

according to Zapolski et al, how do Black and white Americans differ in their alcohol use/problems? why?

A

for Black Americans, cultural factors protect against heavy use, but social/racial risk factors can lead to more negative consequences from use

PSYC 337 (psychopathology) (8 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions