Atypical Mycobacteria & M. leprae (4) Flashcards
How are atypical mycobacteria aquired?
through the environment
Are atypical mycobacteria PPD + or -?
PPD -
Are atypical mucobacteria lethal in guinea pigs?
No, they are not
What are the Group 1 Atypicals?
Photochromogens
M. kansasii and M. marinum
What are the characteristics of group 1 atypicals?
Produces pigment in light and does not kill guinea pigs
Where is M. kansasii found?
midwest, texas, england
What disease does M. kansasii produce?
Some lung disease
Where is M. marinum found?
Fresh and salt water
Symptoms of M. marinum?
Forms “fish tank” granulomatous ulcerating lesions on abrasions exposed to swimming water or aquarium water
How is M. marinum treated?
Tetracycline
What are the group 2 atypicals?
Scotochromogens
M. scrofulaceum
What are the characteristics of the group 2 atypicals?
Produces pigment in the dark and does not kill guinea pigs
What illness does M. scrofulaceum produce?
Produces scrofula and is the most common PEDIATRIC cause of scrofula
What is the reservoir for M. scrofulaceum?
water
How is M. scrofulaceum treated?
Surgically removing the affected nodes
What are the group 3 atypicals?
Nonchromogens
M. avium and M. intracellulare
What are the characteristics of group 3 atypicals?
Do not produce pigment and does not kill guinea pigs
What disease do M. avium and M. intraceullare produce?
Pulmonary disease indistinguishable from TB in severely immunocompromised patients
What is the reservoir for M. avium and M. intracellulare?
Environmentally wide spread (soil and water)
Treatment for M. avium and M. intracellulare?
Highly drug resistant!
Treat with a combo of clarithromycin and ethambutol, rifampin or cipro
What are the group 4 atypicals?
Rapidly growing mycobacteria
M. fortuitum / M. chelonei
M. abscessus
M. smegmatis
What are the characteristics of group 4 atypicals?
No pigment, does not kill guinea pigs
Culterable <1 week
Who is generally susceptible to M. fortuitum / M. chelonei infections?
Immunosuppressed, people with prosthetic joints, indwelling catheters, puncture wounds
How are M. fortuitum / M. chelonei infections treated?
Surgical excision, doxycycline, amikacin