Atypical infections, HIV Flashcards
What is the life cycle of Malaria?
1) Bite from female anopheles
2) Sporozoites enter circulation
3) Travel to liver & enter hepatocytes
4) Replication leads to next stage = Merozoites
5) Merozoites enter erythrocytes & asexually multiply to become schizont
6) Red cell ruptures releasing Schizonts leading to Schizogeny
7) Schizogeny causes stickiness of RBC & blockage of microcirculation
Who gets Schizogeny?
THose who have enever been infected with malaria or come into contact previously
How is malaria treated?
Quinine
Tetracycline
What are the most common malaria infections?
1) Falciparum - most serious
2) Vivax (Asia)
3) Ovale (Africa)
4) Malariae
How is Malaria Ovale & Vivax treated?
Chloroquine
Primaquine to prevent relapse - both have a dormant phase
What’s Leptospirosis better known as? What are the Sx of this?
Weil’s disease
From rat urine- contact through skin
Fever, jaundice, renal failure
What are the Sx of Lyme’s disease?
Erythema Chonicum migrans
Later: Pain, paraesthesiae, dementia, arthralgia
What is the most common helminth?
Threadworm
What 2 tapeworms can be transmitted in the UK?
Taenia Solium (Pork)
Taenia saginata (Beef)
What is the life cycle of a tapeworm?
1) Eggs/proglottids released in faeces
2) Uptaken if eaten e.g by pigs or directly eaten e.g on a vegetable
3) Sits in cyst in animal till animal is eaten and then cyst breaks open in human intestine
4) If eaten directly can spread around the body and appear anywhere e.g under skin/brain = cystercicosis
Where does a tapeworm hook itself to?
Small intestine
Which tapeworm causes Cystercicosis?
Taenia solium
How does ascaries affect the lungs?
Loeffler’s syndrome as larvae pass through lungs = pneumonia, fever
How is ascaris treated?
Mebendazole
What is the lifecycle of hookworms?
1) Eggs released into faeces
2) Rhabditiform larva hatch
3) Become Filariform larva
4) Larva penetrate the skin/foot
5) Enter capillaries and pass into the circulation then alveoli
6) From alveoli enter oropharynx where they are swallowed and enter small intestine
