Atyp. Mycobacteria Flashcards
What are Atypical Mycobacteria infections related to?
Related to Mycobacteria Tuberculosis (TB).
What are the two primary types of Atyp. Mycobacteria do we see?
- Mycobacterium Fortuitum
2. Mycobacterium Avium Complex (MAC)
How do we classify Non-tuberculous Mycobacterium (NTB)?
They are classified on growth rates.
For Non-Mycobacterium (NTB) that are classified as rapidly growing, how are they further classified?
They are classified as pigmented or non-pigmented.
What is Mycobacterium Fortuitum & Mycobacterium abscessus complex classified as?
A rapidly growing non-pigmented complex.
What are the reservoirs for M. fortuitum?
soil
water
mammals
marine life
What do M. fortuitum typically cause?
wound, skin, bone, and joint infections.
rarely - pulmonary disease
Who does M. Fortuitum affect?
- Both immunocompetent and immunosuppressed.
2. Nosocomial outbreaks (usually in surgical pts who were exposed to contaminated water.)
How do we identify/diagnose M. fortuitum?
recover the organism from the wound/abscess and culture. (get sputum for pulmonary disease)
T/F : M. fortuitum is typically chronic and progressive.
T.
How is M. fortuitum treated?
with antibiotics based on susceptibility.
What two Atypical Mycobacterium are of clinical significance?
Mycobacterium fotuitum
Mycobacterium Avium complex (MAC)
Where was there a recent Non-Tuberculous Mycobacterial skin infection?
tatoo-associated infections in Miami, FL.
What are the two subtypes that Mycobacterium avium Complec (MAC) include?
M. avium
M. intracellulare
what are the syndromes associated with MAC?
- in children : cervical lymphadenitis
- In HIV+ persons, disseminated disease (less common now due to HAART)
- (less common) : immunocompetent persons = pneumonia.
What is the Etiology of MAC?
It is an environmental pathogen found in (air, food, water)
T/F MAC cannot infect animals?
F : it can infect both humans and animals.
T/F : MAC cannot be spread from person to person
T
When does MAC typically affect HIV+ persons?
when CD4 < 50
What symptoms might you see in the disseminated disease of MAC?
night sweats weight loss abdominal pain fatigue diarrhea anemia (pneumonia at times)
How do we diagnose MAC?
- culture or by acid fast bacilli smear.
2. chest x-ray when there are pulmonary Sx.
How do you treat MAC?
Treat with two anitmicrobials (clarithromycin or azithromycin)
Healthy children who contract MAC may have what?
Enlarged lymph nodes.
