Atyp. Mycobacteria

Question 1

What are Atypical Mycobacteria infections related to?

Answer 1

Related to Mycobacteria Tuberculosis (TB).

Question 2

What are the two primary types of Atyp. Mycobacteria do we see?

Answer 2

1. Mycobacterium Fortuitum

2. Mycobacterium Avium Complex (MAC)

Question 3

How do we classify Non-tuberculous Mycobacterium (NTB)?

Answer 3

They are classified on growth rates.

Question 4

For Non-Mycobacterium (NTB) that are classified as rapidly growing, how are they further classified?

Answer 4

They are classified as pigmented or non-pigmented.

Question 5

What is Mycobacterium Fortuitum & Mycobacterium abscessus complex classified as?

Answer 5

A rapidly growing non-pigmented complex.

Question 6

What are the reservoirs for M. fortuitum?

Answer 6

soil
water
mammals
marine life

Question 7

What do M. fortuitum typically cause?

Answer 7

wound, skin, bone, and joint infections.

rarely - pulmonary disease

Question 8

Who does M. Fortuitum affect?

Answer 8

1. Both immunocompetent and immunosuppressed.

2. Nosocomial outbreaks (usually in surgical pts who were exposed to contaminated water.)

Question 9

How do we identify/diagnose M. fortuitum?

Answer 9

recover the organism from the wound/abscess and culture. (get sputum for pulmonary disease)

Question 10

T/F : M. fortuitum is typically chronic and progressive.

Answer 10

T.

Question 11

How is M. fortuitum treated?

Answer 11

with antibiotics based on susceptibility.

Question 12

What two Atypical Mycobacterium are of clinical significance?

Answer 12

Mycobacterium fotuitum

Mycobacterium Avium complex (MAC)

Question 13

Where was there a recent Non-Tuberculous Mycobacterial skin infection?

Answer 13

tatoo-associated infections in Miami, FL.

Question 14

What are the two subtypes that Mycobacterium avium Complec (MAC) include?

Answer 14

M. avium

M. intracellulare

Question 15

what are the syndromes associated with MAC?

Answer 15

1. in children : cervical lymphadenitis
2. In HIV+ persons, disseminated disease (less common now due to HAART)
3. (less common) : immunocompetent persons = pneumonia.

Question 16

What is the Etiology of MAC?

Answer 16

It is an environmental pathogen found in (air, food, water)

Question 17

T/F MAC cannot infect animals?

Answer 17

F : it can infect both humans and animals.

Question 18

T/F : MAC cannot be spread from person to person

Answer 18

T

Question 19

When does MAC typically affect HIV+ persons?

Answer 19

when CD4 < 50

Question 20

What symptoms might you see in the disseminated disease of MAC?

Answer 20

night sweats
weight loss
abdominal pain
fatigue
diarrhea
anemia 
(pneumonia at times)

Question 21

How do we diagnose MAC?

Answer 21

1. culture or by acid fast bacilli smear.

2. chest x-ray when there are pulmonary Sx.

Question 22

How do you treat MAC?

Answer 22

Treat with two anitmicrobials (clarithromycin or azithromycin)

Question 23

Healthy children who contract MAC may have what?

Answer 23

Enlarged lymph nodes.