Attraction & intimacy Flashcards
Why do people join relationships?
Same reason why people join groups, the need to belong
What leads to friendship and attraction?
Proximity
Physical and functional distance
Similarity
What was Festinger, Schacter & Back experiment about?
The way physical proximity affects perceived effective proximity, with apartment doors.
What is the mere exposure effect?
The tendency for novel stimuli to be liked more after the rater has bern repeatedly exposed to them
What is Lee, Ashton, Pozzebon, Visser, Bourdage & Ogunfowora’s experiment about?
How people tend to overestimate similarities for people closer to them
What is the physical-attractiveness stereotype?
The presumption that physically attractive people also possess other socially desirable traits
What is considered attractive?
Large eyes, prominent cheekbones and a big smile. For women small nose and chin, for men large chin
What is Thornhill & Gangestad’s experiment about?
How having a symmetrical face makes you more attractive?
What is Langlois and Roggmann’s experiment about?
Having an average face, a face that is a mesh of others, makes you more attractive
What is the two factor theory by Berscheid & Walster?
They posed the idea that there is two types of love, companionate love with intimacy and affection and passionate love with intense longing accompanied by physiological arousal
What is the two factor theory of emotion by Schachter & Singer?
It’s the theory that emotions are due to physiological arousal and cognitive appraisal
What is Dutton & Aron’s experiment about?
The misattribution of arousal, how people were more likely to ask the questioner out after crossing a high bridge due to the increased heartbeat
What is Sternberg’s Triangular Theory of Love?
It’s the theory that love is made of three core components, intimacy, passion, and commitment, and combining them will give you different love experiences.
Intimacy: Liking
Intimacy + commitment: Companionate
Commitment: Empty love
Passion + commitment: Fatuous love
Passion: Infatuation
Passion + Intimacy: Romantic love
All of them: consummate love
What do men and women look for on mates?
Women look for ambition, industriousness and earning capacity while men look for physical attractiveness.
What enables love and close relationships?
Evolutionary theory
Attachment theory
What are the three factors of the social exchange theory?
Reward to cost ratio
Comparison level (high: many rewards, few costs)
Comparison level for alternatives (high: don’t maintain it)
What is Rusbult’s investment model?
Basically social exchange theory + investment.
Rewards, costs and comparison level leads to satisfaction with relationship, that plus level of investment and quality of alternatives to relationship comprises commitment and stability
What is self-disclosure?
Revealing intimate aspects of oneself go others, venting
What is disclosure reciprocity?
Tendency for one person’s intimacy of self-disclosure to match that of a conversational partner.
Why do relationships end?
Dissimilarity
Low rewards
High costs
Inequity
Attractive alternative partners
What makes a relationship more likely to last?
Married after 20
Dated for a long time before married
Similarly educated
Stable income
Small town
Did not conceive before marriage
Similar age and religion
What are signals of unsuccessful relationships?
Disagreements, criticism, putting down, commanding and generally more negative interactions than positive ones.
What is a single person more likely to be?
Happy with their friendships and sex life
To be older than 40
Low in desire for a partner
A woman
Queer
Strongly motivated by independence
High in secure attachment
What are the major themes in social psychology?
Social thinking (social reality and social intuition)
Social influences (how is shapes behaviours and dispositions)
Social relations (biological behaviours and relatedness)
