Attraction

Question 1

What is the ‘need to belong’ and its effects?

Answer 1

• Innate human desire for social connections.
• Essential for mental and emotional well-being.
• Strong social ties lead to better health and happiness.

Question 2

Define ‘Need for Affiliation’ and its individual variability.

Answer 2

• Desire to establish rewarding interpersonal relationships.
• Varies among individuals, like personal interests.

Question 3

Gump & Kulik (1997)

Answer 3

Stress increases affiliation needs.

Question 4

Cacioppo et al. (2015)

Answer 4

Loneliness boosts the drive to connect.

Question 5

Case et al. (2015)

Answer 5

feeling powerless enhances the desire for social connections.

Question 6

WHATDO people who are shy do?

What are the impacts of shyness and the nature vs. nurture aspect of loneliness?

Answer 6

Shyness leading to loneliness:
- Reduces social interaction.
- Increases social isolation.
Nature vs. Nurture in Loneliness:
- Debate whether loneliness is inherent or environmentally influenced.

Question 7

Describe the types of loneliness as identified by Cacioppo et al. (2015)

Answer 7

• Intimate Loneliness: Lack of close, intimate connections.
• Relational Loneliness: Absence of friends or family connections.
• Collective Loneliness: Lack of a broader social network.

Question 8

Explain the Reward Theory of Attraction and its significance.

Answer 8

Attraction based on receiving rewards.
Direct (emotional support) or indirect rewards (status, financial).

Question 9

Discuss the impact of online dating on mate selection.

Answer 9

• Increase in finding partners online.
• Variation between straight and same-sex couples.
• Reflects changing social norms and technology use.

Question 10

How does physical proximity influence relationship formation?

Answer 10

• Proximity strongly predicts formation of relationships.
• Close distance increases likelihood of connections.
• Supported by studies like Bossard (1932) and Festinger et al. (1950).

Question 11

What is the Mere Exposure Effect and its relevance in attraction?

Answer 11

• Increased exposure to a stimulus leads to more favorable evaluation.
• Familiarity breeds liking.
• Examples include increased positive ratings with frequent interactions.

Question 12

What is the Mere Exposure Effect, and how does it relate to attraction?

Answer 12

• Increased exposure leads to more favorable evaluations.
• Familiarity enhances liking.

Example: Frequent interactions increase attraction.

Question 13

What is the bias for beauty in physical attractiveness?

Answer 13

• Preference for physical beauty in others.
• Attractive individuals often perceived more positively.
• Influences social, professional, and personal outcomes.

Question 14

Clifford & Walster (1973)

Answer 14

Attractive students perceived as smarter.

Question 15

Mobius & Rosenblat (2006):

Answer 15

Attractive people earn more.

Question 16

Chaiken (1979):

Answer 16

Attractive individuals gather more petition signatures.

Question 17

How do nature and nurture contribute to perceptions of beauty?

Answer 17

Nature: Certain features universally seen as attractive (e.g., symmetry).
Nurture: Cultural variations in beauty standards.

Question 18

What is the ‘What-is-beautiful-is-good’ stereotype?

Answer 18

Assumption that attractive people possess desirable traits.
Varies across cultures.

Question 19

What are the benefits and costs associated with physical attractiveness?

Answer 19

• Benefits: Positive perception, social advantages.
• Costs: Attributional challenges, pressure to maintain appearance.

Question 20

Describe the factors influencing initial attraction in first encounters.

Answer 20

• Attraction towards individuals with similar attributes.
• Reciprocity in liking enhances relationship development.

Question 21

What are the evolutionary and sociocultural perspectives on mate selection?

Answer 21

• Evolutionary: Choosing mates based on reproductive success.
• Sociocultural: Cultural factors influencing mate preferences.

Question 22

What are the types of intimate relationships and their characteristics?

Answer 22

• Communal Relationships: Focused on mutual responsiveness and care.
• Exchange Relationships: Based on reciprocity and equity.

Question 23

What is the Social Exchange Theory in the context of relationships?

Answer 23

• Relationships viewed as transactions.
• Aim to maximize benefits and minimize costs.

Question 24

How does Equity Theory relate to relationship satisfaction?

Answer 24

• Satisfaction linked to balanced benefits and contributions.
• Equitable relationships are generally more satisfying.

Question 25

Secure:

Answer 25

Comfortable with intimacy and independence.

Question 26

Avoidant:

Answer 26

Dismissive of intimacy, highly independent.

Question 27

Anxious/Ambivalent

Answer 27

Preoccupied with relationships, fears rejection.

Question 28

What are the components of Sternberg’s Triangular Theory of Love?

Answer 28

• Intimacy: Emotional closeness and connectedness.
• Passion: Romantic and physical attraction.
• Commitment: Decision to maintain love long-term.