Aggression Flashcards
What Defines Aggression?
Intent to harm others
Physical and emotional harm
Passive aggression included
Example: Bullying
Types of Aggression
Proactive: Means to end
Reactive: Direct response
Example: Revenge acts
Violence and Related Terms
Violence: Extreme aggression
Anger: Strong displeasure
Hostility: Antagonistic attitude
Example: Homicidal acts
- Reproductive Success Study
Attractiveness vs. threat levels
Aggression noise experiment
Example: Ainsworth & Maner, 2014
- Genetic Factors
Heritability: 33-50% variation
MAOA gene linked
Controversial findings
Example: Twin studies
- Hormonal Influences
Testosterone weakly linked
High testosterone, low cortisol
Serotonin restrains aggression
Example: Hormonal imbalances
- Brain and Executive Functioning
Executive functions critical
Poor functioning, higher aggression
Brain damage increases aggression
Example: Concussion studies
- Learning Aggression
Influenced by learning
Positive and negative reinforcement
Punishment effectiveness varies
Example: Bandura’s theory
- Corporal Punishment
Physical force for correction
Common, antisocial behavior link
Example: Spanking studies
Social Learning Theory
Behavior learned observationally
Cycle of violence phenomenon
Nonaggressive models helpful
Example: Bobo doll study
Nonviolent Cultures
Cultures vary in aggression
Examples: Balinese, Paliyan
Cultural norms influence aggression
Culture of Honor
Honor, status emphasize aggression
Higher homicide rates
Example: Southern U.S.
Gender and Aggression
Men more physically violent
Domestic violence gendered
Example: Global trends
Gender and Intimate Partner Violence
Equal likelihood physical assault
Men less likely report
Women face severe outcomes
Example: Domestic disputes
Individual Differences in Aggression
Childhood aggression predicts future
Personality traits influence aggression
Dark Triad predicts aggression
Example: Longitudinal studies
- Frustration-Aggression Hypothesis
Frustration not always aggressive
Displacement of aggression
Catharsis effectiveness disputed
Example: Marcus-Newhall et al., 2000
- Negative Affect
Beyond frustration, aggression links
Environmental factors influential
Example: Crime rates, climate
- Aggressive Cues
Weapons increase aggression
Hunters associate less
Example: Berkowitz & LePage, 1967
Deliberation in Aggression
Considering costs reduces aggression
Beliefs, morals influence
Example: Moral decision-making
- Self-Control and Rumination
Self-control reduces aggression
Rumination increases aggression
Example: Anger-inducing events
- Self-Control and Alcohol
Alcohol increases aggression risk
Impairs regulation, functioning
Example: Inebriation effects
- Violent Media Impact
Links violent media, aggression
Not necessary/sufficient cause
Example: Childhood TV studies
Pornography and Aggression
Violent porn increases aggression
Confluence model applicable
Example: Donnerstein & Malamuth
- Reducing Aggression Interventions
Focus on empathy, self-control
Cognitive reappraisal, mindfulness
Example: Educational programs
- Sociocultural Perspectives
Income, conditions affect aggression
Reducing poverty, gun availability
Prosocial behavior encouraged
Example: Community initiatives
- Multisystemic Therapy
Treats violent juvenile delinquents
Addresses multiple levels
Long-term savings
Example: Johnides et al., 2017
- Bullying Prevention
Comprehensive programs effective
Empathy, bystander training
Focus on socially connected
Example: Anti-bullying strategies
