attitudes to poverty

Question 1

Banbury

Answer 1

Cost £6200 to open workhouse

Employment seasonable so wouldn’t be used all year

Question 2

cost of relief

Answer 2

by 1862, 4s 8d to keep pauper in workhouse per week, 2s 3d to provide outdoor relief

Question 3

work paupers had to do in workhouse

Answer 3

breaking stones, picking oakum

Question 4

Outdoor Labour Test Order

Answer 4

1842, allowed use of outdoor relief for able-bodied workers, despite PLAA prohibiting it

Question 5

undermine 1842 Labour Test Order

Answer 5

1844 Outdoor relief prohibitory order

Question 6

1867

Answer 6

Metropolitan Poor Act

• demanded medical facilities separate from workhouse
• Metropolitan Asylum Board took over responsibility for care of sick paupers

Question 7

Urania

Answer 7

1847
Angelina Burdett-Coutts, Dickens
for women who’d turned to prostitution

Question 8

Andover

Answer 8

Established 1836
1845
McDougal
Systematically Underfed
Punishment spending night in mortuary

Question 9

Who publicised Andover?

Answer 9

John Walter (The Times)

Question 10

outcome Andover

Answer 10

M’Dougal forced to resign but no further punishment/change

Question 11

Huddersfield

Answer 11

1848
Similar findings, ill people shared beds with dead bodies for weeks
Problems not solved
Poor Law Board took over from Commission, so workhouses now under government control

Question 12

Andover 1837-46

Answer 12

61 people deliberately committed a crime in order to escape (sent to prison)

Question 13

1851-66

Answer 13

Another 100 workhouses were built

Question 14

Workhouse visiting society

Answer 14

collected information on lives of the poor

solid statistics to back up (empirical)

Question 15

Thomas Carlyle

Answer 15

1843 'Past and Present'
attention to growing class divide
workhouse= 'Poor Law prison'
middle class influence

Question 16

Henry Mayhew

Answer 16

empirical
4 volume work ‘London Labour and the London Poor’
insufficient wages led to dependence on relief
stuck in poverty because of parisomy of employers
middle class

Question 17

Charles Dickens

Answer 17

cofounded Urania
voice to poorest in society
Oliver Twist (written 1837-39) popularised image of workhouse as place as despair and drudgery /Hard Times/Christmas Carol
Andover and Huddersfield added to credibility

Question 18

Why was Dickens so sympathetic?

Answer 18

experiences first hand

worked in shoe blacking factory after parents entered workhouse owing to debt

Question 19

How did Dickens spread influence so much

Answer 19

uses serial novels (published in instalments), making it cheaper

Question 20

Elizabeth Gaskell

Answer 20

1848 Mary Barton
About working class in Manchester
Writing fiction not seen as threat to established order, realities publicised with little controversy