Attitudes Persuasive Communication and Attitude Change Flashcards
According to Thurstone (1931, p261) What is an Attitude?
“The affect for or against a psychological object”
According to Allport (1935, p810) What is an Attitude?
“Attitudes are a mental and neural state of readiness, organised through experience, exerting a directive or dynamic influence upon the individual’s response to all objects and situations with which it is related”
According to Fazio 1989) what is an Attitude?
associations between attitude objects and evaluations of these objects
What 3 things is an attitude represented in memory by? (Pratkanis and Greenwald, 1989)
1) an object and rules for applying that label
2) an evaluative summary of that object
3) a knowledge structure supporting that evaluation
What is the Mere exposure Theory?
that familiar increases our liking to something.
What is classical conditioning?
a neutral stimuli is paired with a positive or negative stimulus and is then paired with that valence
What is instrumental conditioning?
the theory that attitudes are shaped by a reinforcement system of reward and punishment.
What is observational learning?
The process of learning by watching the behaviors of others- watched, memorised, mimicked.
What is the Information integration theory formed by?
its formed by averaging available information
What is the mood-as-information hypothesis?
That Emotion (mood) provides as a good basis for evaluating of objects.
What are Heuristics/ Associative processing?
Using “rules of thumb” to make judgements and form mental shortcuts in memory
What is the self- perception theory?
that we infer attitudes from our own behaviour
What’s an example of self perception theory?
heterosexual anxiety (Haemmerlie & Montgomery, 1982,1984)
What are 2 sources of Attitude Formation?
- Parents
- Mass media
What were the findings of Atkin, 1980 Mass Media Study on attitude Formation?
There are links between television advertisements and children’s attitude
