Attitudes and Attitude Change Flashcards
The strength of the relationship between attitude and behavior is affected by what three factors?
- Strength of attitude (greater when from self-experience and pertains to interests)
- Accessibility (either well-informed or repeatedly asked about it)
- Specificity (link is stronger with specific attitudes and specific behaviors)
According to the theory of planned behavior (Ajzen & Fishbein, 2005), the intention to perform a behavior is the best predictor of behavior, and intention is determined by what three factors?
- The person’s attitude toward the behavior
- Subjective norms (what they think others think)
- Perceived behavioral control (confidence in their ability to do the thing)
What are the two paths of the Prototype/Willingness model
- The reasoned path (behavioral intention)
2. Social reaction path (their willingness to engage in certain circumstances)
According to this theory, willingness to engage in a behavior depends on a person’s perceived acceptability of the behavior which, in turn, is determined by the person’s prototype (social image) of people who engage in the behavior.
Prototype/Willingness model
The _____ model (Rosenstock, Strecher, & Becker, 1994) identifies beliefs, attitudes, and other factors that predict the likelihood that a person will engage in behavior that will reduce the risk for developing a disorder.
Health belief model
What are the six factors in the health belief model?
- Perceived susceptibility
- Perceived severity
- Perceived benefits
- Perceived barriers
- Self-efficacy
- Cues to action
According to the elaboration likelihood model what are the two routes of persuasion that a persuasive message can be processed through?
- Central route (logic and critical thought - stronger and longer lasting)
- Peripheral route (peripheral cues such as attractiveness of the speaker - weak and temporary)
_____ (Sherif & Hovland, 1961) is based on the assumption that the effectiveness of a persuasive message depends on a person’s current position on an issue, and it distinguishes between three “latitudes” that represent different degrees of similarity between the person’s position and the position advocated by the message:
Social judgement theory
In social judgment theory, _____ consists of positions the person finds acceptable because they’re similar to his/her own position.
Latitude of acceptance
In social judgment theory, _____ consists of positions the person finds unacceptable because they’re extremely different from his/her position.
latitude of rejection
In social judgment theory, the _____ consists of positions the person will not automatically accept or reject but will consider because they’re moderately different from his/her position.
latitude of noncommitment
According to Heider’s _____, the relationships among a person, another person, and an object/event/attitude can be balanced (consistent) or unbalanced (inconsistent); and, because unbalanced states cause a sense of discomfort, people are motivated to establish balance.
Balance theory (or P-O-X theory)
According to ______, when people become aware of an inconsistency between two of their attitudes or between an attitude and a behavior, they experience a state of mental discomfort that they’re motivated to relieve by changing or rationalizing one of the two attitudes or by changing the attitude or the behavior.
cognitive dissonance theory
According to _____, people learn about themselves in the same way they learn about other people – i.e., by observing their behaviors and the circumstances in which those behaviors occur.
Self-perception theory (Bem, 1972)
_____ predicts that, when people are externally reinforced for engaging in an intrinsically rewarding behavior, their intrinsic motivation decreases.
Overjustification effect
