Attitudes Flashcards
what is an attitude?
a predisposition to evaluate some individuals groups or objects in a particular way
can be positive or negative
what are the ABC of attitudes?
Affective -feelings about the topic
Behavioural - actions regarding the topic
Cognitive - thoughts about the topic
are attitudes functional?
yes
what is a value expressive function?
enable us to express who we are and what we believe in
what is a ego-defence function?
enables us to project internally-held conflicts into others e.g homophobia
what is knowledge function?
enables us to know the world
what is utilitarian function?
enables us to gain rewards and avoid punishment
what cognitive representation do attitudes serve?
a social function rather than a cognitive consistency function
what are three ways attitudes are represented by?
an object label
an evaluative summary
a knowledge structure is
what is prejudice?
a form of attitude bias
how do prejudice fit into the ABC model of attitudes?
Affective - Prejudice
Behavioural - Discrimination
Cognitive - Stereotyping
what is meant by discrimination?
behaviour that is usually negative towards an individual based upon their group membership
what is meant by stereotypes?
widely held and oversimplified idea about a person or group of people
what do i NEED to remember
prejudice is an attitude , discrimination is the EXPRESSION of that attitude STEREOTYPES can trigger PREJUDICE
why does prejudice exists?
social identity theory - in-groups and out-groups - categorising people into groups
why does prejudice exist (2)
out-group homogeneity - over generalised views based on stereotypes
why does prejudice exist (3)
ultimate attribution error
use social group membership to form expectations about which people will act morally and immorally
what are explicit attitudes?
attitudes that are at conscious level, deliberately formed and easy to self report
what are implicit attitudes?
unintentional and uncontrollable attitudes outside of conscious awareness
three ways explicit attitudes are measured
likert scale
semantics differential scale
evaluation thermometer
what are the + of explicit attitude measures?
easy and cheap
high re-test
assess conscious form attitudes
what are the - of explicit attitude measures?
social desirability
only captures deliberate attitudes
three ways of measuring implicit attitudes
IAT
Go/no go
IRAP implicit rational assessment proceedure
+ of implicit attitude measures?
assess unconscious attitudes
not influenced by social desirability
