Attitudes Flashcards
1
Q
Attitudes
A
- three components: cognition emotion, behavior
- do not always agree
- goal: predict behavior from cognition
- factors: life relevance, subject norm, perceived control, direct experience
2
Q
Early Learning
A
- attitude formation
- explicit teaching
- modeling
3
Q
Mere Exposure
A
- attitude formation
- the more times you hear/see something, the better you ned to like it
4
Q
Operant Conditioning
A
- attitude formation
- reinforcing appropriate attitudes
- group rewards like attitudes
5
Q
Classical Conditioning
A
- attitude formation
- conditioning the response you want
6
Q
Attitude Change
A
- a huge amount of money is spent on attitude change yearly
- commercial ads, political campaigns, social movements
7
Q
Elaboration Likelihood Model
A
- Persuasion Attempt: message
- Audience Factors: high motivation or low motivation
- Processing Approach: focused on message or focused on the surface
- Persuasion Outcome: lasting change or temporary change
8
Q
Attitude Change: Cognitive Dissonance Theory
A
- Leon Festinger
- people motivated to have internal consistency among their beliefs behaviors
- ex. the more you pay for a car, the more you like it
9
Q
Where is the Dissonance?
A
- in Cognitive Dissonance Theory
- people assumed to real previous beaver and realign attitude to be more consistent
10
Q
Attitude Change: Self-Perception Theory
A
- Daryl Bern
- people do not have well formed attitudes about many situations
- if they act before consolidating an attitude, they reflect on that action to help establish the attitude
- self perception of own behavior affects attitude
11
Q
Stereotypes and Prejudice
A
- the processes that create attitudes also create stereotypes
- attitudes about a class of people
- drawing conclusions about the whole group
- limited, non-representative sample
- media influence
12
Q
Effects of Media on Stereotypes
A
- we have strong impressions of what these stereotypes are
- media may be one major source of these impressions
- constantly presents information about social world
13
Q
Portrayal of Women in the Media
A
- Under Representation: 38% of main characters in TV storylines
- Sexualization: 41% of video games have women totally or partially nude
- Women and men are represented in traditional roles across cultures
- Women tend to be represented in subordinate roles; not near the top of the hierarchy
14
Q
Motivational Theories
A
- theory of prejudice
- prejudice may help people feel secure and fulfill a need for antagonism against others
- authoritarianism
- personality type characterized by: acceptance of tradiational values, willingness to follow authority figures, inclination to act aggressively to threats from out-group
- prejudice against others part of keeping group safe
- others may also gain social identity from behavior against out-group
15
Q
Cognitive Theories
A
- theory of prejudice
- categories and concepts are how we deal with the complex nature of the world
- concepts contain some generalizations
- ex. dog treated as a dog
- stereotypes and prejudice reflect influence from categories
- ex. old people are forgetful
