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Social Psychology 14-15 > Attitudes > Flashcards

Attitudes Flashcards

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0
Q

What are the four distinct ways attitudes can form?

A

F - functional approach
A - associative learning
M - mere exposure
S - self perception

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1
Q

What is an attitude?

A

Psychological tendency expressed by evaluating a particular entity with some degree of favour or disfavour

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2
Q

What is associative learning?*

A

Classical Conditioning? (Pavlov)

Operant Conditioning? (Skinner)

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3
Q

What is the functional approach?

A

Based on psychological needs:
Utilitarian: I like psychology because I will become a psychologist
Knowledge: I like psychology because it gives me more info
Ego-Defensive: I like psychology because I can’t become a star
Value-expressive: I like psychology because illustrates my commitment to help other people

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4
Q

What is mere exposure?

A

The more you see it the more you like it

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5
Q

What is self perception theory?

A

Attributing behaviours to internal or external causes

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6
Q

What models on attitude are there?

A

A B C
Affective
Behavioural
Cognitive

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7
Q

Feelings about the attitude model forms the basis of which model on attitude?

A

The Affective Model

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8
Q

A predisposition to treat attitude object a certain way forms the basis of which attitude model?

A

The Behavioural Model

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9
Q

Beliefs about the attitude object forms the basis of which model?

A

The Cognitive Model

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10
Q

Beckler (1984) suggested that the 3 component model views on attitude where what?

A

Distinctive from each other
Moderately correlated with each other
Empirically distinct

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11
Q

How do you measure Direct/Explicit Attitudes?

A

Semantic Differential
Thurstone Scale
Likert Scale

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12
Q

How do you measure Indirect/Implicit Attitudes?

A

Implicit Association Test:
Self report measures susceptibility to self presentation by assessing association between a target concept and an attribution

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13
Q

Which 3 dimensions result in attitude being at its best?

A

When it’s strong, highly accessible and low in ambivalence

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14
Q

What is Theory of Reasoned Action?

A

Consists of 3 General constructs:
Attitudes: General orientation towards behaviour
Subjective norms: Influence of people in one’s social environment
Behavioural intention: Subjective norms towards that behaviour, which depends on attitudes and subjective norms

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15
Q

What is Theory of Planned Behaviour?

A

To predict whether a person intends to do something we need to know:
Attitude- how they feel
Subjective norms- how much they feel socially pressured
Perceived behavioural control- how much control they have

16
Q

What is Cognitive Dissonance (Festinger)?

A

Unpleasant state of psychological tension between:
Irrelevance
Consistency
Inconsistency

17
Q

What 3 key factors determine occurrence of Cognitive Dissonance?

A

Justification: People feel they have good reason for behaving different to attitude
Freedom of choice: If forced to do something it explains inconsistency
Investment: The more important, the stronger the dissonance effect

18
Q

Behaviour determines attitude is based on what Theory?

A

Self Perception Theory

19
Q

The Forced Compliance Paradigm says what?

A

The observer sees own behaviour and concludes they must have liked the exercise more than they originally thought

20
Q

What are the 6 key principles of influence (Cialdini)?

A 
Scarcity
Consistency
Authority
Reciprocity 
Liking
Consensus
21
Q

What is scarcity?

A

Want more of what they can’t easily get anymore

22
Q

What is consistency?

A

Looking for small commitments to be made

23
Q

What is authority?

A

Follow those who are credible and with knowledge

24
Q

What is reciprocity?

A

An obligation to give when you receive

25
Q

What is liking?

A

Preferring those who are more similar to you

26
Q

What is consensus?

A

Looking at actions of others to determine own behaviour

27
Q

What are the two dual process models of persuasion?

A

Elaboration Likelihood Model

Heuristic Systematic Model

28
Q

What two components do the ELM and HSM have in common?

A

Central/Systematic: Reflecting on the message

Peripheral/Heuristic: Not thinking about the argument but responding to superficial cues like celebrity endorsement

Social Psychology 14-15 (5 decks)

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