Attitudes Flashcards
What are components of Tripartite Model of Attitudes?
Affective, Behavioral, Cognitive
Attitude involves all 3, but not always consistent
What is the Affective component? (TMA)
Emotional feeling toward a person, object, event
What is behavioral component?
Attitude expressed in our actions
What is cognitive component?
Beliefs on a person, object, event
What is attitude?
General evaluation of a person, object or event
Can be positive or negative
What is explicit attitude?
Conscious evaluation individuals are aware of and are expressible.
Function of explicit attitudes
Social expression
Decision making
Guidance for behavior
What is implicit attitude?
Unconscious evaluation and automatic evaluation
Measure through Implicit association test(IAT)
Functions of implicit attitudes
Influence on perception
Implicit bias
What is cognitive dissonance?
Discomfort from contradicting thoughts and attitudes to themselves
What is avoidance? (CD)
Avoiding information that contradicts your beliefs and decrease the conflict to maintain current behaviors
What is reduction? (CD)
Changes to individual behaviors to be more consistent with beliefs to reduce conflict
What is Rationalization? (CD)
Justification and reinterpretation to resolve conflict between beliefs and behaviors so contradictory is more reasonable
What is magnitude? (CD)
Significance and importance of their beliefs or behaviors in conflict
What are factors of magnitude?
Emotional impact
Degree of commitment
Perceived consequences
Personal value
What is emotional impact? (Magnitude)
Emotional discomfort of conflict from emotional value in beliefs and behaviors
What is degree of commitment? (Magnitude)
Increases in CD from higher investment of effort and resources to beliefs
What is perceived consequences? (Magnitude)
Perceived consequences of conflict
What is personal values? (Magnitude)
Contradicting beliefs with an individuals core values
Strategies to reduce cognitive dissonance
Change behavior
Add to existing belief to justify behavior
Reduce importance of particular beliefs
What is Prejudice?
Negative attitude toward another group before experience with the group
What is direct discrimination?
Treat unfavorably cause of an attribute
What is indirect discrimination?
A policy or procedure that disadvantages a group
What is social identity theory?
Our identity comes from our group membership
What is Tajfel’s SIT
We have social identity theory based on group membership along with personal identity
It’s important to boot self-esteem
What is Social categorization?
Categorizing people based on shared characteristics
What is social identification?
Act in accordance to social norms of group
What is social comparison?
Comparing our group favorably to other groups
What is Ethnocentrism?
Judging ethnic, racial or national group as best
What is out-group imogeneity effect?
Person looking at outgroup does not perceive individual differences
How does belief in just world continue discrimination?
Believe victims are deserving of mistreatment
Leads to lack of empathy and neglect of discrimination
What is Realistic Conflict Theory?
Multiple groups competing for same resources lead to conflict
How does RCT cause discrimination?
Group sees other as threat and negative stereotypes will form
What is Contact hypothesis?
Direct contact of groups under certain conditions to reduce prejudice and discrimination
Conditions for contact hypothesis?
- Equal status - Accompany by authority figure
- Shared goals, Cooperation
What is superordinate goals?
Goals worth completing but require 2 more more social groups to achieve
What is interdependence? (RP)
Interacting people influence one another experience
What is Equal status contact?
Interact of social groups on the same social level, differences are minimized
Differences between prejudice and discrimination?
Prejudice is a negative attitude towards a group, discrimination is the behavioral component
What is dispositional attribution?
Attributions of a persons actions based on their specific attitudes
What is situation attributions?
Attributions of a persons actions based on external circumstances
What are attributions?
How we assign causes for behavior for ourselves and others
