Attitudes Flashcards

1
Q

Attitude

A

A favorable or unfavorable evaluation reaction towards something or someone, exhibited in one’s beliefs, feelings, or intended behaviour

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2
Q

Persuasion

A

Attempt to change evaluation

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3
Q

Prejudice

A

Negative attitudes about a group and it’s members

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4
Q

Explain the Tripatile model (ABCs)

A

Your attitudes can have all these different aspects to it

  1. Affect (emotion, feelings)
  2. Behaviour (Actions)
  3. Cognition (thoughts)
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5
Q

What is spreading activation - linked to one’s attitudes

A

Attitudes are received my memory
- Your grandfather liked coffee, so you like coffee because of this

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6
Q

Classical conditioning of attitudes

A

The pairing of stimuli, so that previously innocuous stimulus gains a new response in an organism (or person)

e.g neutral words (e.g google) can gain meaning

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7
Q

What happens when you pair a behaviour + reward

A

Increases behaviour, strengthens attitudes

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8
Q

What happens when you pair a behaviour + punishment

A

Decreases behaviour, weaken attitudes

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9
Q

Explain the difference in classical and instrumental conditioning

A

Classic conditioning:
Negative event + group = negative evaluation

(You’re not doing anything)

Instrumental conditioning:
Nasty behaviour to group x + reward = negative evaluation

(You’re doing something)

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10
Q

What is the modelling of attitudes

A

Via the observation of others

e.g children often watch their parents more than they listen to them

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11
Q

Explain social comparison

A

Looking to others to validate our social reality

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12
Q

Do genetic factors play a factor in whether we inherit attitudes?

A

Maybe…

There’s a suggestion through research that there could be a heritable component to attitudes

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13
Q

When do attitudes predict behaviour?

A

The more specific the attitude is, the more it will predict specific behaviour

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14
Q

What is the theory of reasoned action

A

What others think about whether you should engage in behaviour

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15
Q

Why is expertise a strong persuader

A

Persuaded by the “expert”
If we agree, see commicator AS “expert”

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16
Q

Why is trustworthiness a strong persuader

A

Arguing your own self-interest

17
Q

Why is attractiveness a strong persuader

A

Attractive people tend to have more say

18
Q

Why is a rapid speaker a strong persuader

A

People who tend to speak more quietly gives the impression that they know what they are talking about

19
Q

What is the “sleeper” effect?

A

Over time, remember message, but not source

Link between the two becomes weakened (often severed) over time

i.e delayed increase in impact of persuasive message (counter-intuitive)

20
Q

Why is communication effects a persuasive message

A

Intent not obvious, we tend to not trust people who look like they’re trying to manipulate you

Consider both sides of issues

21
Q

Explain the two components to the cognitive response analyses

A
  1. What do people think about when exposed to persuasion attempt
  2. How do these thoughts and mental processes - > persuasion?
22
Q

What is the Central Route in the elaboration likelihood model (ELM)

A

When used: When important, interesting, personally viewed relevant message

What happens: Cognitive elaborations (careful information processing)

Result: persuaded by message strengthening

23
Q

What is cognitive dissonance

A

When tension is created b/c we experienced an inconsistency in our;
- beliefs/attitudes
- beliefs/attitudes vs. behaviour

24
Q

How does dissonance work?
(Name 3 different ways)

A
  1. Change attitudes (to be consistent with behaviour) - “I dislike smoking”
  2. Change behaviour (to be consistent with behaviour) - “doesn’t smoke”
  3. Maintain both the attitude and the behaviour, but introduce an additional cognition (to restore Constance between these attitudes and behaviours)
25
What is post-choice dissonance
Our own decisions can produce dissonance
26
What makes self-perception theory different then dissoance theory?
There is no motivation (or tension) Instead we observe our own behaviour when making attributions. We infer our own attitudes from our own behaviour
27
When are the times that self-perception works
1. Attitudes are unimportant 2. Attitudes are not anchored in internal belief structure