Attitude of Charles I in the aftermath of the First Civil War

Question 1

How did Charles refuse to accept the logic of defeat?

Answer 1

1. Not accept the first civil war required him to make concessions to the victors.
2. Due to the divisions, Charles believed time was on his side.
3. Believed he was indispensable to any settlement
4. Charles tactics in negotiations were to delay and buy him time.

Question 2

How was Charles an insincere negotiator?

Answer 2

1. Did not make his final reply to the Newcastle Propositions until May 1647 - yet he seemed to have decided to reject them even before given to him.
   Leading many to see him as duplicitous and negotiating in bad faith.

Question 3

Charles believed he was what do any settlement?

Answer 3

Indispensable

Question 4

Charles was playing for what? Believing that if he did this his opponents would eventually turn against one another.

Answer 4

Time

Question 5

What other possible military help was he open to?

Answer 5

Alliance with the Scots and reinforcement from Ireland.

Question 6

What made Charles more stubborn in giving up his powers such as the abolition of the episcopy?

Answer 6

Divine Right

Question 7

When was the Newcastle proposition?

Answer 7

July 1646

Question 8

When did Charles surrender?

Answer 8

May 1646

Question 9

What were the main points in the Newcastle Propositions?

Answer 9

1. Parliament would nominate thirteen key officers of state
2. Parliament was to control the militia for 20 years
3. Bishops were to be abolished and a Presbyterian Church established in England for three years.
4. 58 royalists were to be exempted from pardon.

Question 10

What was the King’s response to the Newcastle Propositions?

Answer 10

Even before he had formally been given the propositions he had the intention on rejecting them, writing his wife of his intentions on the 1st July.

Question 11

When was Charles handed over to Parliament?

Answer 11

January 1647

Question 12

When did Charles finally make his final decision on the Newcastle Propositions?

Answer 12

May 1647: rejection

Question 13

When was Charles taken by Cornet Joyce and into the Army Headquarters?

Answer 13

June 1647

Question 14

When was the Head of Proposals?

Answer 14

August 1647

Question 15

What were the main terms of the Head of Proposals?

Answer 15

1. Parliament to nominate the key officers of state for ten years
2. Parliament to control the militia for ten years.
3. Bishops were not to be abolished but would lose their power.
4. Parliament to take measures to remedy grievance’s around taxation, access to the law, treatment of debtors.

These were the most lenient terms offered to the King, but he rejection them.

Question 16

When did Charles escape Army custody?

Answer 16

November 1647

Question 17

When was the Four Bills? What was it?

Answer 17

December 1647: another set of peace terms given to the King.

Question 18

What are the main points of the Four Bills?

Answer 18

1. Triennial Parliaments
2. Parliament control of militia for 20 years.
3. Bishops abolished and Presbyterian Church established, but toleration for protestants.
4. 58 royalists to be exempt from pardon.

The Four Bills were harsher than the Heads of Proposals Charles had just rejected, so this rejection was no shock.

Question 19

When did Charles sign the Engagement with the Scots?

Answer 19

December 1647

Question 20

When did Parliament pass the Vote of No Addresses? What did this do?

Answer 20

January 1648: banned any further negotiations with Charles

Question 21

When did Parliament pass the Repeal of the Vote of No Addresses? Why?

Answer 21

August 1648; Following the Second Civil war, sympathy for the King was growing as a whole.

Question 22

When was the Newport Treaty?

Answer 22

It was never official, this was discussed at Newport on the Isle of Wight - following the end of the Second Civil War.

Charles made enough concessions to make Parliament think it was worth perusing.

Question 23

What was the main points in the Newport Treaty?

Answer 23

1. Parliament to control the militia for 20 years
2. Parliament to appoint key officers of the state for 10 years
3. Presbyterianism to be the state religion for three years.

Question 24

What was the vote of 5 December?

Answer 24

December 1648: All night sitting, the Commons voted by 129:83 that the King’s responses at Newport were promising to continue talks with him in London.

Question 25

When was Pride’s purge?

Answer 25

6th December 1648

Question 26

What was Pride’s purge?

Answer 26

Parliament was forcibly purged and all negotiations came to an abrupt and permanent conclusion.