Attention and Consciousness

Question 1

What is attention and how does it filter information?

Answer 1

Concentration of mental activity which filters information relevant to task, Goals and novelty and unexpectedness.

Question 2

What is the cocktail party effect?

Answer 2

An example is dichotic listening. You are more likely to process an unattended message if Both messages are slow the main task is simple and the meaning of the Unattended message is relevant for example your name.

Question 3

What is the stroop effect?

Answer 3

When your top down and bottom up processing interferes with one another.

Question 4

Isolated vs combined feature

Answer 4

Simple features are easier to detect, conjunction of properties take longer to detect

Question 5

How do we know attention takes place

Answer 5

We can measure through behaviors and experience - for example stroop effect and visual search

Question 6

What is Selective attention

Answer 6

Attempting to respond to one source of information while ignoring the other

Question 7

What is divided attention? Aka. Multitasking

Answer 7

Processing multiple sources simultaneously. The speed and accuracy decreases when using divided attention.

Question 8

What are the two areas in the cerebral cortex that are related to attention?

Answer 8

Orienting an executive attention

Question 9

What is unilateral visual Neglect?

Answer 9

When a person Cannot process half of their environment usually do to bring lesions which affects the parietal lobe. 

Question 10

What is orienting attention?

Answer 10

Affects the parietal lobe, It develops early and is usually used for visual search tasks

Question 11

What is executive attention?

Answer 11

Happens in the Frontal lobe and is a control system in which you choose what you want to pay attention to. It is usually used for goal oriented tasks.

Question 12

What is the bottleneck theory?

Answer 12

Focuses on the restriction of sensory information And that you cannot process everything and information is lost During multiple processing stages

Question 13

What is the feature integration theory?

Answer 13

Focuses on distributed and focused attention

Question 14

What is distributed attention?

Answer 14

It is the first stage in which we process all information automatically and simultaneously

Question 15

What is focused attention?

Answer 15

It is a later stage that happens slower and has a serial approach. It is involved with complex stimuli and feature conjunction.

Question 16

What are saccades?

Answer 16

Little eye movement and jumps that direct relevant information to the fovea And seeks new information.

Question 17

What are fixations?

Answer 17

How long do you focus on a word usually last about 200 to 250 MS. It also increases with difficulty
Fixations happen when a reader encounters a difficult word.

Question 18

How do Saccades relate to reading?

Answer 18

Lands on center words, Predictable words are skipped making them short, Are small when the next words are unusual. 

Question 19

What is a regression?

Answer 19

A regression happens after the reader doesn’t understand a word or a topic causing them to go back.

Question 20

What is consciousness a.k.a. awareness?

Answer 20

Awareness is defined in three ways
The outside world and when they can jump from sleep to Awake states.
Currents sensations and perceptions in which They respond to the environment and can choose Whether to respond or not respond
Self-awareness when they attain Feelings memories thoughts And beliefs

Question 21

What is a visual search task

Answer 21

Finding a target among distractors for example keys in the house or a friend in the crowd A.k.a. matching a mental image to the environment

Question 22

What is some evidence for feature integration three

Answer 22

Rapid detection of pop outs a.k.a. distributed attention and conjunction searches are slower (Time to search increases with distracted array)