Attention

Question 1

What is HCI?

Answer 1

Human-Computer Interaction: The study of how people interact with computer technology

Question 2

What is a human savant? What sort of tasks do these savants find difficult?

Answer 2

A human savants are people with significant mental disabilities that demonstrate certain abilities far in excess of average. The skills at which savants excel are generally related to memory.

Question 3

What are electronic savants good at?

Answer 3

1. Calculations that halt, especially if repeated.
2. Fixed access storage: Big databases with a few keys.
3. Long connectivity: instantly link around the world.

Question 4

Technology needs human minders to handle?

Answer 4

1. Purpose: What is the goal?
2. Context: Background parameters
3. Ambiguity: Define data structures
4. Changes: Recognize “situations”
5. Learn: From failure and success

Question 5

The role of computers is to _____ people, not take over.

Answer 5

augment

Question 6

How many neurons are there in the average human brain?

Answer 6

100 billion

Question 7

Human savants can perform amazing feats of calculation because they are:

Answer 7

neurologically disabled

Question 8

Three good reasons to design web sites with human nature in mind are that it makes them:

Answer 8

Easier to use, easier to learn and easier to accept.

Question 9

IPO

Answer 9

input-processing-output

Question 10

The study of Human-Computer Interaction (HCI) is based on the discipline(s) of:

Answer 10

Engineering and Computer Science

Question 11

In the last half century computer technology has evolved through four levels:

Answer 11

from hardware to software to people to communities

Mechanical, Informational, Psychological and Social

Question 12

What are the four reality levels in science?

Answer 12

1. Mechanical(hardware): physics, engineering
2. Information systems(software): computer science, IT, IS, Informatics, Software Engineering
3. Psychological systems (people): psychology, art, literature
4. Social systems (groups, communities): Sociology, political science, economics, history…

Question 13

STS

Answer 13

Socio-technical systems: HCI system that supports a community e.g., social network: Twitter, Facebook, Snapchat, Ebay

Question 14

IS

Answer 14

Information Science

Question 15

SE

Answer 15

Software Engineering

Question 16

Technology

Answer 16

A physical device people use

Question 17

IT

Answer 17

Information Technology: Technology that creates information e.g., a cell phone

Question 18

HCI

Answer 18

Human-Computer Interaction: IT that creates meaning e.g., person using a cell phone

Question 19

For a brain made up of self-acting neural subsystems, attention is:

Answer 19

The collective negotiation of processing priorities.

Question 20

The highest level of the brain, the cortex, is divided into two self-acting hemispheres that can:

Answer 20

Each act alone as “i” and negotiate the output response between themselves.

Question 21

The brain differs from a computer in its control of processing because the brain:

Answer 21

Shares control among sub-systems with no control center.

Question 22

T or F: Neuropsychology reveals that the brain has no central CPU, no executive that controls all.

Answer 22

True

Question 23

The brain is split at the highest level into:

Answer 23

Left hemisphere controls right side, right hemisphere controls left side. People with a stroke in one hemisphere lose function on the opposite side.

Question 24

What is the highest-level brain processing in the brain?

Answer 24

The cortex: It controls all our higher human functions, such as planning, thought, language, logic, and speech.

Question 25

Why does the brain need attention?

Answer 25

It’s not possible to fully analyze all incoming information, so we use attention to decide what’s most important

Question 26

The brain offers no physical basis for a unified “I” or Self, so consciousness is:

Answer 26

We are not 100% sure what consciousness is

Question 27

A system is autonomous if it can:

Answer 27

Act of its own accord. input-process-output by themselves, so they self-direct and self-evolve

Question 28

An example of computer sub-system autonomy is:

Answer 28

Printers that automatically clean themselves when inactive.

Question 29

In political terms, the brain is most like a:

Answer 29

democratic meritocracy because neural assemblies compete to affect what “I” do, connections that work are reinforced; those that aren’t used fade, Lower processing affects higher processing in the processing hierarchy, and vice versa, and the group outcome is accepted by all.

Question 30

What is an ego?

Answer 30

Your idea of yourself:
It is a built-up idea that may or may not be accurate, not an actual self. It connects to your name. It is entirely imaginary.

Question 31

What is Neuro-psychology?

Answer 31

A hierarchical network system that divides up the work

Question 32

What is social-level autonomy called?

Answer 32

freedom: The right to do what seems best at the time

Question 33

Meritocracy

Answer 33

The competent decide

Question 34

Democracy

Answer 34

The people decide who decides

Question 35

What is information overload?

Answer 35

When information comes in faster than it can be processed.
• We store it for batch processing later.
• We process information better that way.

Question 36

How can designers reduce information overload?

Answer 36

• Discern- Important or not? Urgent or not?
• Understand: Understand underlying causes: Why are you doing this?
• Prioritize the content you present.
• Simplify early screens: Remove unnecessary things
• Direct attention: Focus initial attention on important elements.

Result: Allocation: Discern relevant from irrelevant (attention), Depth: Improved understanding of abstract causes.

Question 37

Information overload occurs when:

Answer 37

More information comes in than can be processed.

Question 38

Which of the following is a successful long-term adaptive response to information overload?

Answer 38

Processing signals more, to a higher degree of understanding.

Question 39

What are some short term strategies for reducing information overload?

Answer 39

• Ignore
• Panic: Do more, work harder
• Runaway: Leave the field

Problems: Issues ignored will find you, doing more of the wrong thing makes it worse, and problems repeat.

Question 40

A human savant is a person with a significant mental disability yet he/she demonstrate certain skills(mainly involving memory) that are far greater than of an average person. Examples of skills they may excel in art, musical composition, and map making. Human savants have difficulties tasks that are required to take care of their basic needs such as getting groceries and communicating with others.

Three ways in which current computers are like electronic savants are both can make calculations, has a fixed access storage, and has a long connectivity.

Answer 40

sdas

Question 41

“Chunking” is a useful mental process where:

Answer 41

Many different things are represented as one thing

Question 42

Users habituate to parts of a web site that are:

Answer 42

Always the same

Question 43

Technology interfaces are “brain rich” if they:

Answer 43

Engage many brain processes of sub-systems.