Attention Flashcards
What is HCI?
Human-Computer Interaction: The study of how people interact with computer technology
What is a human savant? What sort of tasks do these savants find difficult?
A human savants are people with significant mental disabilities that demonstrate certain abilities far in excess of average. The skills at which savants excel are generally related to memory.
What are electronic savants good at?
- Calculations that halt, especially if repeated.
- Fixed access storage: Big databases with a few keys.
- Long connectivity: instantly link around the world.
Technology needs human minders to handle?
- Purpose: What is the goal?
- Context: Background parameters
- Ambiguity: Define data structures
- Changes: Recognize “situations”
- Learn: From failure and success
The role of computers is to _____ people, not take over.
augment
How many neurons are there in the average human brain?
100 billion
Human savants can perform amazing feats of calculation because they are:
neurologically disabled
Three good reasons to design web sites with human nature in mind are that it makes them:
Easier to use, easier to learn and easier to accept.
IPO
input-processing-output
The study of Human-Computer Interaction (HCI) is based on the discipline(s) of:
Engineering and Computer Science
In the last half century computer technology has evolved through four levels:
from hardware to software to people to communities
Mechanical, Informational, Psychological and Social
What are the four reality levels in science?
- Mechanical(hardware): physics, engineering
- Information systems(software): computer science, IT, IS, Informatics, Software Engineering
- Psychological systems (people): psychology, art, literature
- Social systems (groups, communities): Sociology, political science, economics, history…
STS
Socio-technical systems: HCI system that supports a community e.g., social network: Twitter, Facebook, Snapchat, Ebay
IS
Information Science
SE
Software Engineering
Technology
A physical device people use
IT
Information Technology: Technology that creates information e.g., a cell phone
HCI
Human-Computer Interaction: IT that creates meaning e.g., person using a cell phone
For a brain made up of self-acting neural subsystems, attention is:
The collective negotiation of processing priorities.
The highest level of the brain, the cortex, is divided into two self-acting hemispheres that can:
Each act alone as “i” and negotiate the output response between themselves.
The brain differs from a computer in its control of processing because the brain:
Shares control among sub-systems with no control center.
T or F: Neuropsychology reveals that the brain has no central CPU, no executive that controls all.
True
The brain is split at the highest level into:
Left hemisphere controls right side, right hemisphere controls left side. People with a stroke in one hemisphere lose function on the opposite side.
What is the highest-level brain processing in the brain?
The cortex: It controls all our higher human functions, such as planning, thought, language, logic, and speech.
Why does the brain need attention?
It’s not possible to fully analyze all incoming information, so we use attention to decide what’s most important
The brain offers no physical basis for a unified “I” or Self, so consciousness is:
We are not 100% sure what consciousness is
A system is autonomous if it can:
Act of its own accord. input-process-output by themselves, so they self-direct and self-evolve
An example of computer sub-system autonomy is:
Printers that automatically clean themselves when inactive.
In political terms, the brain is most like a:
democratic meritocracy because neural assemblies compete to affect what “I” do, connections that work are reinforced; those that aren’t used fade, Lower processing affects higher processing in the processing hierarchy, and vice versa, and the group outcome is accepted by all.
What is an ego?
Your idea of yourself:
It is a built-up idea that may or may not be accurate, not an actual self. It connects to your name. It is entirely imaginary.
What is Neuro-psychology?
A hierarchical network system that divides up the work
What is social-level autonomy called?
freedom: The right to do what seems best at the time
Meritocracy
The competent decide
Democracy
The people decide who decides
What is information overload?
When information comes in faster than it can be processed.
• We store it for batch processing later.
• We process information better that way.
How can designers reduce information overload?
- Discern- Important or not? Urgent or not?
- Understand: Understand underlying causes: Why are you doing this?
- Prioritize the content you present.
- Simplify early screens: Remove unnecessary things
- Direct attention: Focus initial attention on important elements.
Result: Allocation: Discern relevant from irrelevant (attention), Depth: Improved understanding of abstract causes.
Information overload occurs when:
More information comes in than can be processed.
Which of the following is a successful long-term adaptive response to information overload?
Processing signals more, to a higher degree of understanding.
What are some short term strategies for reducing information overload?
- Ignore
- Panic: Do more, work harder
- Runaway: Leave the field
Problems: Issues ignored will find you, doing more of the wrong thing makes it worse, and problems repeat.
A human savant is a person with a significant mental disability yet he/she demonstrate certain skills(mainly involving memory) that are far greater than of an average person. Examples of skills they may excel in art, musical composition, and map making. Human savants have difficulties tasks that are required to take care of their basic needs such as getting groceries and communicating with others.
Three ways in which current computers are like electronic savants are both can make calculations, has a fixed access storage, and has a long connectivity.
sdas
“Chunking” is a useful mental process where:
Many different things are represented as one thing
Users habituate to parts of a web site that are:
Always the same
Technology interfaces are “brain rich” if they:
Engage many brain processes of sub-systems.
