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mtr ctrl & lrn > Attention > Flashcards

Attention Flashcards

1
Q

what is attention?

A
  • mind gives consideration to one object or idea and withdraws from others
  • involves focus, concentration, consciousness
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2
Q

what are the five features of attention?

A

selective, divided, limited capacity, interference, mental effort

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3
Q

what is selective attention?

A

ability to allocate limited resource to different tasks

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4
Q

what is intentional selection?

A

purposefully attending to one source while inhibiting attention to others

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5
Q

what is the stroop effect?

A
  • color of words different than the color the word says
  • should have a neutral and color word and should be congruent vs incongruent
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6
Q

how does the stroop effect interfere with intention?

A
  • irrelevant info overpowers
  • evidence that some parallel processing occurs early on in the stages of info processing
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7
Q

what is the cocktail party problem?

A
  • two messages simultaneously, listener asked to mirror the message in one ear
  • some unattended stimuli processed in with parallel with attended stimuli during early stimulus identification
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8
Q

what is inattention blindness and change blindness?

A
  • failure to see certain visual stimuli when engaged in specific search task
  • intentionally processing specific visual info leads to inability to process other visual stimuli
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9
Q

what is interference?

A

decreased ability to simultaneously perform two tasks

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10
Q

what are the two types of interference?

A

structural and capacity

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11
Q

what is the relationship between limited capacity and interference?

A
  • can only give demand to the remaining capacity
  • ex: walking and counting backwards –> walking may fill up 90% and counting takes up 20%, have interference and the tasks will affect each other
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12
Q

what is controlled (conscious) processing

A
  • slow
  • attention demanding (interference)
  • serial
  • volitional
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13
Q

what is automatic (unconscious) processing?

A
  • fast
  • not attention demanding (little to no interference)
  • parallel
  • not volitional
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14
Q

how is automatic processing developed?

A
  • on a continuum
  • develop with practice
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15
Q

what are theories of attention (general) and how do they differ?

A

theories of attention differ based on when in the IP stages and how attention is limited

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16
Q

what are the four theories of attention?

A
  • single channel filter theories (early vs late)
  • flexible allocation of capacity
  • multiple resource theory
  • action selection theory
17
Q

what are the single channel filter theories?

A
  • assume fixed capacity for IP
  • attention as a single resource directed at one of a # of processing operations
  • bottleneck theories –> parallel processing until you get to the limited recourse the serial processing takes over
  • *one thing at a time is processed, any other info is not
18
Q

what is the flexible allocation of capacity theory?

A
  • capacity changes with changes in task, but there is a maximum capacity
  • allocation of attention is not fixed and can change
  • attention can be placed on more than one stimulus at a time
  • influenced by motivation, need, etc
19
Q

what is the multiple resource theory?

A
  • think of attention as “multiple pools” of resources
  • each handles specific kinds of IP
  • tasks compete for resources
  • attention can be placed on input and output stages at the same time –> skill
20
Q

what is action selection theory?

A
  • stimuli is processed in parallel early and there is selection of an action
  • selection is a fundamental process of attention
  • interference occurs when planning or executing movements not during processing
21
Q

what is the double stimulation paradigm?

A
  • provides insight into how processing of the second stimulus is affected by ongoing processing of the first
22
Q

how do attention and movement relate?

A
  • not all movement requires attention
  • attention can be diverted to response programming of future movements
  • attention towards other aspects of environment
  • attention may fine tune motor movements/control
23
Q

what is the secondary task technique?

A
  • subject performs a primary task
  • discrete, occasional secondary task added –> attention to movement is strongest at beginning and end
24
Q

what is the difference between internal and external focus of attention?

A
  • external focus enhanced performance across skills, levels of expertise, and age
  • novice has more proximal external focus
  • expert has more distal external focus
  • microchoking: shift toward internal focus interferes with automaticity

mtr ctrl & lrn (9 decks)

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