Attatchment

Question 1

Reciprocity

Answer 1

infant responding to caregivers actions, eg when pulling a funny face infant respond with laughing

Question 2

attachment

Answer 2

emotional bond between 2 people, 2 way process with endures over time

Question 3

caregiver

Answer 3

a person who provides care for a child

Question 4

caregiver infant interaction

Answer 4

the way in which infant engages with and responds to person who provides them care

Question 5

interactional synchrony

Answer 5

infant and caregiver mirror eachothers actions eg clapping and singing

Question 6

RESEARCH INTO C-I INTERACTIONS: meltzoff and moore AO1

Answer 6

aim - to investigate how infants interact with caregivers
method - controlled obs
procedure- infant is in controlled environment with model who is instructed to display 3 different facial exp:
sticking out tongue, pouting, open mouth. recorded infants reaction and videoed it.
showed to independent observer to identify faces baby showed
results - infants imitated models facial exp, agreed on facial exp - 0.92 interrater reliability
conc- infant intentionally responds to actions

Question 7

meltzoff and moore ao3

Answer 7

:) overcoming issues with infant behaviour. babies are hard to observe. the use of video meant they could rewatch the behaviour.

:( koepke didnt find the infants replicated caregivers facial expressions

:)abravanel & deyoung - only imititate behaviour when its other human beings

individual differences - isabella - stronger attatchment = more interactional synchrony
heimann - imitation from birth onwards have better quality of relationship with caregiver at 3 months

Question 8

Secure attachment

Ainsworth’s attachment types

Answer 8

66% - mildly distressed when mother left and greeted her warmly when she returned (TYPE B)

Question 9

insecure avoidant (type a)

Answer 9

22% - no reaction when mother left the room and didnt care when she was back

Question 10

insecure resistant (type c)

Answer 10

12% - intense distress when mother left the room but were angry when she came back and tried to comfort them

Question 11

stages of ainsworth

Answer 11

stage 1- child & caregiver enter room and play
stage 2- exploration from secure base - encouraged to play independently & explore
stage 3-stranger anxiety, stranger comes and tries to interact
stage 4-separation anxiety, caregiver leaves room and stranger stays
stage 5- response to reunion
stage6- separation anxiety, caregiver leaves child alone
stage 7- stranger returns to offer comfort, tests stranger anxiety
stage 8- caregiver returns, response to reunion and offers comfort.

Question 12

ao3 ainsworth

Answer 12

:) ward et al - attachment types are strong predictors of future development. securely attached have better outcomes in many areas, insecure resistant had worst outcomes
:) good inter rater reliability, behavioural categories were easy to observe and different observers generally agreed on what attachment type to classify them as.
:( 4th attachment type - insecure disorganised - lack of consistent patterns of social behaviour. dont have consistent patterns of social behaviour