Attatchment

Question 1

Psychosocial development

Answer 1

-children form relationships, interact with others and learn to understand and manage feelings

Question 2

International synchrony

Answer 2

-infant moves their bodies in time with the rhythm of cares spoken language, creating form of turn taking

Question 3

Reciprocity

Answer 3

-interactions lead to mutual behaviour between carer and infant, both being able to produce responses from each other

Question 4

Mimicking

Answer 4

-infants imitate facial expressions of caregiver, suggesting innate biological drive to form attachment Bond

Question 5

Klaus and kennel research

Answer 5

-compared mothers who displayed extended physical contact with babies and mothers who only contacted baby when feeding

Question 6

Klaus and kennel findings

Answer 6

-after 1 month mothers who displayed greater physical contact were found to cuddle more and make greater eye contact than mothers who made less contact
-effects were stilll evident a year later suggesting contact leads to stronger and closer attachment bond

Question 7

Isabella et al: method

Answer 7

-observed 30 mothers and infants together and assessed degree of synchrony and assessed quality of mother infant attachment

Question 8

Isabella et al findings

Answer 8

-found higher levels of synchrony were associated with better quality infant attachment.
-infants with secure attachments demonstrated synchrony during 1st year if life

Question 9

Meltzoff and Moore

Answer 9

-discovered infants aged two to three weeks displayed tendency to mimic adults facial expressions and hand movements, indicating mimicry is innate ability that helps formation of attachment

Question 10

Klaus and kennel- evaluation

Answer 10

-led to real world effects with hospitals placing mothers and babies in same room in the days follwing birth to encourage attachment

Question 11

Codon and sander: aim and method

Answer 11

-investigate interactional synchrony in newborns and parents
-videos of parents talking to newborns were analysed, behaviour of new born noted

Question 12

Codon and sander: results, conclusion

Answer 12

-even newborns co ordinate movements and gestures in time with human speech.
-element of turn taking and babies seemed to respond to one sided conversation
- shows international synchrony starts at early age

Question 13

Codon and sander evaluation

Answer 13

+ ecological validity- parents and babies in own environment
+ ethical

• behaviour of newborns open to interpretation, e.g is it smile or wind

Question 14

Shafer and Emerson aim

Answer 14

Observed babies and interactions with environments
Find the age which attachment starts and how intense these were

Question 15

Shafer and Emerson: method

Answer 15

-studies 60 babies from working class area in Glasgow
-observed them evert four weeks for first year and then again at 18 month
-interviews were conducted with mothers e,g questions about who baby smiled at

Question 16

Shafer and Emerson: variables

Answer 16

-separation anxiety: how distressed child became when separated from caregiver (suggests attachment has been formed)
-stranger anxiety: distress shown when baby left alone won’t unfamiliar adult (shows baby can recognise familiar people)