attachment types and ainsworth

Question 1

what was ainsworth interested in

Answer 1

individual differences rather than universality

Question 2

what is ainsworths procedure at identiftying attachment types called

Answer 2

-the strange situation

Question 3

whats the aim of ainsworths study

Answer 3

-investigate the quality of attachment between caregiver and child

Question 4

what was the sample of ainsworth study

Answer 4

-106 american middle class infants between 9-18 months

Question 5

how was data collected in Ainsworths study

Answer 5

-by observation every 15 seconds
-time sampling (not event sampling)

Question 6

what were the four measures of attachment in Ainsworth’s study

Answer 6

-separation anxiety
-stranger anxiety
-willingness to explore
-reunion behaviour

Question 7

what was the procedure (type)

Answer 7

standardised

Question 8

what were the steps of the procedure

Answer 8

1) mother baby in room
2) mother responds to infant if it wants attention
3) stranger enters and gradually approaches baby
4) mother leaves
5) stranger and baby together
6) mother returns and stranger leaves
7) when baby settled, mother leaves
8) baby alone
9) stranger returns to baby
10) mother returns and stranger leaves

Question 9

how long does each episode last

Answer 9

around 3 minutes

Question 10

what was ainsworths findings

Answer 10

-similarities between way children react in strange situations.
-either Secure attachment (type B)
-insecure-avoidant attachment (type A)
-insecure resistant attachment (type C)

Question 11

secure attachment (type B)

Answer 11

-66% of children
-Distress caused by mothers absence
-stranger and mother treated differently
-mother ignored during play
-distressed and seek contact when mum leaves
-calm down quickly when return

Question 12

insecure avoidant attachment (Type A)

Answer 12

-22% children
-largely ignore mother due to indifference
-no distress when mum leaves
-ignores mum
-distress when alone but can be comforted by stranger
-both mum and stranger treated the same

Question 13

insecure-resistant attachment (type C)

Answer 13

-12% children
-baby fussy and wary when mother present crying more than usual
-difficulty using mum as safe base
-distress when mum leaves and seeks contact on return
-shows anger and sometimes resists contact
-baby conflicted to mother
-resists strangers efforts to make contact

Question 14

what sort of parenting causes secure attachment

Answer 14

-sensitive
-loving
(Picking up and reassuring child)

Question 15

what sort of parenting causes insecure/avoidant attachment

Answer 15

-insensitive
-rejecting
(Ignoring, ridiculing, becoming annoyed)

Question 16

what sort of parenting causes insecure resistant attachment

Answer 16

-inconsistent
-unpredictable
-self centred
(Overwhelmed, wants child to meet their needs)

Question 17

childs response when distressed and needs caregiver support - secure

Answer 17

-seek out and stay close to parent

Question 18

childs response when distressed and needs caregiver support - insecure/avoidant

Answer 18

-avoid interaction
-minimise emotion

Question 19

childs response when distressed and needs caregiver support - insecure resistant

Answer 19

-cry and seek out parent even before separation
-show anger and struggle when comforted
-exaggerated response to get parents attention

Question 20

separation anxiety and stranger anxiety in secure children and willingness to explore

Answer 20

stranger anxiety- moderate
separation anxiety- high
willingness to explore- high

Question 21

separation anxiety and stranger anxiety in insecure avoidant children and willingness to explore

Answer 21

stranger anxiety- low
separation anxiety-low
willingness to explore- high

Question 22

separation anxiety and stranger anxiety in insecure resistant and willingness to explore children

Answer 22

stranger anxiety - high
separation anxiety- high
willingness to explore- low