Attachment (Lorenz)

Question 1

Define attachment and explain the importance of it

Answer 1

Attachment is the physical and emotional bond between an infant and its caregiver (1)
Bowlby proposed that attachment is an evolutionary advantage for survival (2) as it provides safety and security for the infant. Attachment helps form healthy relationships in later adolescence and adulthood (3) and can help explore new experiences from a safe base (4).

Question 2

Define the ‘internal working model,’

Answer 2

An internal working model is the template which a child forms from the relationship it is exposed to with primary care-givers (1) according to Bowlby

Question 3

Outline the 4 characteristics of an attachment

Answer 3

1) Displaying negative emotions when separated
2) Displaying positive emotions when united
3) Seeking proximity when experiencing stress
4) Orienting behavior towards secure base

Question 4

Differentiate between imprinting and attachment

Answer 4

Imprinting, typically observed in bird’s, is the mindless following of the first object that moves/smells (1) whereas attachments form over a longer period of time, forming an emotional bond (2)

Question 5

Importance of animal studies to psychologists

Answer 5

Animal studies demonstrate behavior common to a range of species to compare with that of humans. It can also be more effective, in that, generational data can be obtained.