attachment 8 - cultural variations (van ijzendoorn)

Question 1

what did van ijzendoorn et al conduct research into?

Answer 1

secure, insecure avoidant and insecure resistant attachment across a range of countries

differences within cultures to look at variations

Question 2

how many countries was the strange situation test conducted in (for van ijzendoorn’s research)?

Answer 2

eight

Question 3

van ijzendoorn used data from how many children for his research?

Answer 3

1990

Question 4

define meta analysis

Answer 4

a research strategy where instead of conducting new research with participants, the researchers examine the results of several previous studies (secondary data)

Question 5

what type of attachment did van ijzendoorn find was the most common in all countries?

Answer 5

secure attachment

Question 6

what percentage of children had a secure attachment in britain vs in china?

Answer 6

75% in britain vs 50% in china

Question 7

what type of attachment did van ijzendoorn find was the least common in all countries?

Answer 7

insecure resistant

Question 8

what percentage of children had an insecure resistant attachment in britain vs in israel?

Answer 8

3% in britain vs 30% in israel

Question 9

how did simonella et al disprove van ijzendoorn?

Answer 9

they conducted their own studies to see if attachment types were still similar to the results found in previous studies

Question 10

how many 12 month olds did simonella et al assess?

Answer 10

76

Question 11

what technique did simonella et al use to assess 12 month olds?

Answer 11

the strange situation

Question 12

what percentage of simonella et al’s children were secure vs insecure avoidant, and how does this compare to previous studies?

Answer 12

50% were secure and 36% were insecure avoidant

this is a lower rate of secure attachment than what has been found in previous studies

Question 13

what did simonella et al suggest could be the reason as to why there are lower rates of secure attachments nowadays?

Answer 13

the increasing numbers of parents using childcare

Question 14

how does simonella et al and the increasing numbers of parents using childcare show how culture can impact attachment type?

Answer 14

childcare is only popular in certain cultures

Question 15

how is van ijzendoorn’s research having a large sample a strength?

Answer 15

combining results from different attachment studies means a large sample is generated, which increases internal validity

Question 16

how is van ijzendoorn’s research unrepresentative?

Answer 16

the analysis claimed to study cultural variation whereas in fact they were comparing countries not cultures. within different countries there are many different cultures each with different child rearing practices. one culture might be over represented in the sample produced, for example parenting style in tokyo is very similar to western style, but in rural areas it varies.