Attachment

Question 1

Ainsworth and Bell (1970)

Answer 1

investigated attachment and exploratory behaviours in a laboratory-based study.

they found that securely attached infants showed proximity-seeking and maintaing behaviours

they were also only distressed sometimes when the caregiver left and showed quick and positive actions upon reunion

Question 2

Kagan et. al (1999)

Answer 2

studied 164 children and found that children who had been classified as having high reactive temperaments at 4 months old, were more more vulnerable to the development of anxious symptoms at age 7

shows a correlation in a child’s temperament and later behavioural traits. Anxious behaviours may make it harder for a caregiver Tod envelop a secure attachment with their child

Question 3

Bowlby

Answer 3

argued that a child needs a warm, initiate and continuous relationship with a mother or mother-substitute to aid secure attachment and normal mental health

Question 4

Bowlby (1947)

Answer 4

he conducted retrospective research on 44 juvenile thieves and found that 61% of thieves suffered from early prolonged separations from their mothers during childhood.

Some of the thieves were also emotionless psychopaths indicating poor secure attachment

Question 5

Bakermans-Kranenburg et al. (2003)

Answer 5

conducted a meta-analysis of 29 parenting interventions

the analysis showed that interventions that trained parents to be more sensitive had a significant effect on attachment security

if a mother or caregiver can predict and respond appropriately to the infants actions then this will aid attachment