attachment 2 Flashcards
What is attachment defined as?
a two way emotional bond. each individuals sees each other as essential for there own emotional security.
Does attachment happen straight away?
no it takes a few months to develop.
What behaviours can we look at to recognise attachment?
proximity, separation distress, secure-base behaviour.
What is proximity?
people try to stay physically close to those whom they are attached to.
What is separation distress?
people are distressed when an attachment figure leaves their presence.
What is secure base behaviour?
even if we are dependent from our attachment figures we tend to make regular contact with them. Infants display secure-based behaviour when they regularly return to their attachment figure.
what are caregivers infant interactions?
It is the responsiveness of the caregiver to the infant’s signals that has profound effects on the attachment they form.
Are interactions important for the Child’s social development?
yes.
Define reciprocity
A description of how two people interact.
Mother-infant interaction is reciprocal in that both mother and infant respond to each others signals and each elicit a response from each other.
when does caregiver interaction become increasingly frequent
3 months
TURN TAKING
RECIPROCITY
Feldman 2007
talks about close attention to verbal signals and facial expressions.
what did Brazelton et al (1975) liken caregiver infant interaction to?
a dance
Condon and Sander (1974)
A: studied reciprocity in infants.
P: They analysed frame-by-frame recordings of infants’ movements while adults were talking.
F: found that infants coordinated their actions in sequences with adult’s speech to form a kind of turn-taking convo.
C: this supports the idea of reciprocity.
Define interactional synchrony…
Mother and infant reflect both of actions and emotions of then others and do this in a coordinated synchronised way.
Meltzoff and Moor (1977)
A: observed beginnings of interactional synchrony
P: this was done in infants as young as two weeks, adult displayed one of three facial expressions, child response filmed and identified.
F/C: association found between expression/gesture the adult had displayed and actions of babies.
Isabella et al (1989)
A: assessed quality of mother infant attachment.
P: observed 30 mothers and infants together assessed degree of synchrony and quality of attachment.
F/C: high level of synchrony associated w/ better quality attachment.
One limitation of caregiver infant interactions
P: Hard to know what is happening when observing infants.
E: it is impossible to know whether the imitation or turn taking we see is deliberate/conscious.
E: this means that we do not know that these behaviours we see have special meaning.
One strength of caregiver infant interactions
P: The reliability of the research produced.
E: Observations of caregiver-infant interactions are usually controlled procedures that normally contain interactions being recorded.
E: this means vids can b watched again by the same or other observers leading to test-retest reliability and inter-observer reliability.
this increases both the reliability and the validity of the research into caregiver infant interactions.
One strength of caregiver infant interactions x2
has good validity
because infants do not know they are being studied.
they are not able to change their behaviour as unaware of study.
One limitation of caregiver infant interactions
observations do not tell us the purpose
Feldman 2012 interactional synchrony simply describes behaviours, don’t tell purpose.
psychologists want to know why behaviours occur rather than descriptions, this is not possible w/ caregiver./infant interaction.
