attachment Flashcards
what is attachment
a reciprocal emotional tie to a specific person
Define attachment behaviours?
SODP
(how do you know when someone is attached)
S - seek proximity
O - Orientates behaviour towards PCG
D - Distress and anxiety when seperated
P - Pleasure when reunited
What are some examples of caregiver-infant interations
Bodily contact
Interactional Synchrony
Reciprocity
Caregiverse
What are the 2 experiments that tell us about caregiver-infant interaction?
Meltzoff and Moore
Murray and Trevarthen
Describe the procedure and findings of Meltzoff and Moore’s study of c-i interation?
- They selected 4 diff stimuli (3 facial expressions + hand gesture) and observed the infants response.
- Observer watched videos of the infants beh
- vid was judged by independent observers
- each observer noted all instances of tongue profusions and head movements.
- Found that the infants mimicked the stimuli
why is this study seen as reliable
the inter observer and intra observer reliability score was greater than 0.92
What did Murray and Trevarthen find about c-i interactions?
supported Meltzoff and Moores theory that imitation was intentional, not just operant conditioning.
Name and describe the 4 att stages found in Glasgow Babies
ASOCIAL stage - first few weeks - prefer to be with others, have some preferences
INDISCRIMINATE stage -2-7 months - clear preference however usually accept anyone
SPECIFIC attachment - around 7 months - PAF and stranger anxiety develops
MULTIPLE attachments - 7-12 months- secondary att form after PAF
Who studied Glasgow Babies
Schaffer and Emerson
What did Schaffer and Emerson find?
29% of children formed secondary att within a month of forming PAF
What was the procedure for Glasgow Babies?
Involved 60 babies - 31 boys 29 girls
majority from w/c families
visited every month for a year + again at 18 months
asked ab seperation anxiety
What were the conclusions of Glasgow babies
- att occurs over time
- stages are mostly universal
- multiple att comes later
- most PAF are mothers
Evaluation of Glasgow Babies
Strengths and weaknesses
+
equal sample boys + girls
beh was observed at home = natural beh
longitudinal study so more valid
-
.attrition (dropping out)
.low validity b/coz small sample size and theyre all from the same class
.questionnaires arent valid, mothers may lie to seem like the perfect mother
. observation is subjective
. poor evidence of the asocial stage - too young to make out signs of anxiety + att
which psychologists studied the strange situation
Ainsworth and Bell
What was the Strange situation Procedure
A mother and child in a playroom,
stranger comes in and talks to mother and child,
mother leaves room,
stranger interacts w child,
mother returns, stranger leaves,
mother leaves child in room alone,
stranger returns to child
What was the size of the research sample in the strange situation
106 middle-class infants
How long was each observation episode designed to last in strange situation
Three minutes
What methods were used to collect data during the observations?
One-way mirror and video camera
