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1
Q

reciprocity

A
  • Trohick et al
  • 3 wks old
  • tempt mother
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2
Q

facial preference

A
  • Johnston + Morton
  • less 1 hr old
  • schematic
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3
Q

interactional synchrony

A
  • Meltzoff + Moore
  • 2 weeks
  • mirror mum
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4
Q

ao3 care giver-infant interactions

A

+ valid, controlled
X purpose, individual, socio sens

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5
Q

imprinting
+ao3

A
  • Lorenz geese
  • 32 hr critical period
    + lab
    X generalise? permanance? sensitive periods?
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6
Q

Harlow
+ao3

A
  • 8 new born monkeys
  • cloth and wire
  • cling to cloth even after abuse
    + social workers, contact comfort
    X ethics, generalise?
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6
Q

Grossman et al
+ao3

A

quality of play w dad = teen attachments
+biological
X same sex?

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7
Q

Lamb et al
+ao3

A

ROD
interaction( quantity), accessibility (quality), responsibility
+bio
X same sex?

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8
Q

Verissimo et al
+ao3

A
  • 29-38 mnths
  • 35 2 parent families
  • age 4 reciprocal friends = security with fathers
    + bio
    X same sex? cause +effect
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9
Q

Schaffer + Emerson
+ao3

A
  • 60 Glasgow babies
  • throughout 1st yr n 18 mnths (longitudinal)
  • mums interviewed about child being left 0-3 scale
  • separation anxiety= 6-8 mnths
  • stranger fear= 9 mnths
  • 65% mum, 3% dad, 27% both
  • 40% main care giver wasn’t main attachment

+ ethics, variation, ecologically valid
X 1960/ outdated?

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10
Q

stage + age + characteristic of children decided by Schaffer + Emerson

A
  • associal (0-6 wks) no specific ppl
  • indiscriminate (6 wks- 6 mnths) sociable
  • specific (7-10 mnths) seperation anxiety
  • multiple (10 mnths+) several
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11
Q

learning theory

A
  • CC- Pavlov= food +mum
  • OC- Skinner= neg reinforcement to hunger
  • drive reduction- Dollard + Miller= rid discomfort
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12
Q

evolutionary theory

A
  • Bowlby
  • 3 yr critical period
    Adaptive
    Social releasers
    Sensitivity
    IWM
    Continuity
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13
Q

learning theory ao3

A

+ support, control, systematic desensitisation (hierarchy of fears)
X monkeys, evolutionary

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14
Q

evolutionary theory ao3

A

+ Harlows monkeys, support (Hazan + Shavers love quiz)
X Schaffer + Emerson= multiple attachments, learning theory

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15
Q

Ainsworth

A
  • 106 m/c infants
  • 9x9ft in 16 squares
  • every 15 secs in 1-7 scale
  • mother + child, left 3 mins, stranger, mum leaves 3 mins, mum returns, child alone, stranger, mum.
  • 66% secure, 22% insecure avoidant, 12% insecure resistant
16
Q

Ainsworth ao3

A

+ useful, love quiz, lab
X ethics, validity, demand characteristics from mothers

17
Q

Van Ijendoorn + Kroonenber

A

-32 studies of SS
- secure = 75% GB to 50% China
- individualist culture = insecure resistant under 14%
- collectivist culture = above 25%
- results within own country bigger e.g. USA 46% securely and also 90%
- GB highly securely attached, China least
- Germany highly insecure avoidant, Japan least
- Israel highly insecure resistant, GB least

18
Q

Simonelli et al

A
  • 76 babies 12 mnths old
  • Italy
  • 50% secure, 36% insecure avoidant
  • mothers= long hours and childcare
19
Q

cultural variation ao3

A

+ large sample, problems of understanding language avoided
X imposed etic ( lack of affection means different things), confounding ( size of room, class etc), cross cultural

20
Q

maternal deprivation

A
  • Bowlby
  • 44 teenage thieves
  • long early separation (IV), social development (DV)
  • control= non criminal mentally disturbed
  • 14 of the 44 thieves= affectionless psychopaths, 12 of them had long seperation from mothers in first 2 years of life
  • 2 of 44 in control long seperations
  • 30 months of life is critical period
21
Q

maternal deprivation ao3

A

+animal studies show this e.g. imprinting
X ww2 orphans, bias, Frued +Dann (6 children in Nazi camps bonded+ no affectionless), Rutter (privation= never had, deprivation= had then lost), sensitive period?

22
Q

Rutter institutionalisation

A
  • hypothesis= Romanian orphans in institutions more likely to develop dis-inhibited attachmentsthan British children adopted early
    -165 Romanian orphans adopted by UK families, 52 UK children= control
    -physical, cog + emotional development assessed at 4,6,11,15, 22-25 yrs.
  • age of 11 rates of recovery shown
  • adopted before 6 mnths mean IQ= 102, rarely dis-inhibited, caught up with control group by age 4
  • adopted after 6 mnths- 2yrs IQ= 86
    -adopted 2yrs+ IQ= 77
    -sensitive period
23
Q

disinhibited attachment

A

attention seeking, clingy, indiscriminate social behaviour towards all adults, no stranger anxiety

24
Q

rutter institutionalisation ao3

A

+ real life, few EV (study instituitionalisation not other traumas), orphanges avoid loots of carers
X not typical, long terms effects unclear, attrition risk (drop out)

25
Q

Myron-Wilson + Smith

A

-196 children ages 7-11 living in London
- secure= unlikely involved in bullying
- insecure avoidant= victims
- insecure resistant= bullies
- secure= social skilled + popular

26
Q

Moore

A
  • 100 14-15 yrs
  • secure teens= safe sex
27
Q

Hazan + Shaver

A
  • 620 responses
  • 56% secure= good long lasting relationships
  • 25% insecure avoidant= jealous+ scared of intimacy
  • 19% insecure resistant= fell in love quick but not true love
28
Q

Bailey et al

A

99 mums same attachment as they did with their mums

29
Q

ao3 for childhood + adult relationships

A

X Zimmerman (little relationship between the 2), validity, retrospective (looking back), cause +effect, exaggerated, IWM unconscious so hard to study

30
Q

reactive attachment disorder
RAD

A
  • infants= weak cry response, constant whining, sensitive to touch, rage, poor sucking, poor eye contact, whining, no reciprocal smiles etc
  • children= lack of conscience, lack of eye contact apart from when lying, difficulty giving+ getting affection, demanding, lack of peer relationships, unusual eating etc
    autistic like symptoms

psychology paper 1 (3 decks)

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