ATP - ADP

Question 1

_____refers to the process
whichbuildsmolecules the body needs; it usuallyrequires energyfor completion.

Answer 1

Anabolism

Question 2

_____refers to the process thatbreaks downcomplex molecules into smaller molecules; it usuallyreleases energyfor the organism to use.

Answer 2

Catabolism

Question 3

occurs when the energy produced by one reaction or
system is used to drive another reaction or system.

Answer 3

Energy Coupling

Question 4

First Law of Thermodynamics

Answer 4

• Energy cannot be created nor destroyed.
• Energy can be converted or transduced.

Question 5

Second Law of Thermodynamics

Answer 5

• In any energy transformation, there is a lesser availability of energy to do additional work.
• The loss of energy in a process is a result of a tendency for randomness or disorder (entropy)

Question 6

The measure of useful energy in a
thermodynamic system under constant temperature and
pressure.

Answer 6

Gibs Free Energy

Question 7

Exergonic Reaction
- Reaction is _____
- Energy is _____
- ∆G is _____

Answer 7

spontaneous, released, < (less than)

Question 8

Endergonic Reaction
- Reaction is _____
- Energy is _____
- ∆G is _____

Answer 8

not spontaneous, added, > (greater than)

Question 9

_____ directly supplies the energy that powers nearly every cellular functions, and it is considered the universal energy “currency.”

Answer 9

ATP (Adenosine triphosphate)

Question 10

ATP is chemically made up of combined
nitrogenous base called _____, which
is linked to a five-carbon sugar called
_____, which in turn is linked to a chain
of _____ groups.

Answer 10

adenine, ribose, three (3) phosphate

Question 11

ATP (Adenosine triphosphate)
- contains large amounts of _____.
- The two bonds between the phosphates are equal high-energy bonds (phosphoanhydride bonds) that,
when broken, release sufficient
energy to power a variety of cellular reactions and processes.

Answer 11

free energy

Question 12

ADP (Adenosine diphosphate) has the same structure as ATP, with _____.

Answer 12

one less phosphate group

Question 13

It has everything to do with the
storage and use of energy in living things.

Answer 13

ATP-ADP CYCLE

Question 14

When the third phosphate group is removed by HYDROLYSIS (_____), a substantial
amount of free energy is

ATP + H2O - ADP + P + energy

Answer 14

water-mediated breakdown

Question 15

When
- phosphate is removed, energy
is _____.
- phosphate is added, energy is
_____.

Answer 15

RELEASED, NEEDED

Question 16

Regeneration of ATP
- For cells to keep functioning, they must generate ______.

Answer 16

ATP

Question 17

Regeneration of ATP
- The ATP regeneration reaction is just the reverse of the hydrolysis reaction:

Answer 17

energy + ADP + P - ATP + H2O

Question 18

The energy to phosphorylate ADP comes from _____ in the cell.

Answer 18

CATABOLIC REACTIONS

Question 19

Mechanical work
ATP supplies the energy needed in:

Answer 19

• contraction of muscle fibers
• beating of cilia or movement of flagella
• movement of chromosomes during
  mitosis/meiosis

Question 20

Transport work
ATP supplies the energy needed in:

Answer 20

• pumping of substances across membranes against their
  concentration gradient.

Question 21

Chemical work
ATP supplies the energy needed in:

Answer 21

• synthesizing macromolecules that make up the cell, and therefore the organism.

Question 22

A working muscles recycled over _____ per second

Answer 22

10 million