ATP Flashcards
Why do organisms need energy?
METABOLISM –> Reactions in the body require energy
MOVEMENT –> within (blood circulation) and the organism itself
ACTIVE TRANSPORT –> ions and molecules movement against the concentration gradient
MAINTENANCE, REPAIR and DIVISION –> cells and organelles
PRODUCTION of SUBSTANCES –> enzymes and hormones
MAINTENANCE of BODY TEMPERATURE –> for endothermic organisms like birds and mammals. They need to replace energy lost to the environment.
What are the products of ATP hydrolysis?
ATP (+H20) –> ADP + Pi + energy
How does ATP store energy?
Adenosine triphosphate (ATP) has 3 phosphate groups. The bonds between the phosphate groups are unstable with a low activation energy so they are easily broken. When they break they release a considerable amount of energy.
ATP –> ADP +Pi is what reaction
Hydrolysis, releases energy for cells to use
ADP + Pi –> ATP is what reaction?
Condensation, powered by energy from respiration
Why is ATP good?
It is an immediate source of energy –> only one reaction to release the energy (glucose takes a long series of reactions so the energy release is slower)
Releases less more manageable chunks of energy than a glucose molecule
Can ATP be stored? And what has to happen as a result?
No ATP cannot be stored, ATP must be continuously made within the mitochondria of the cells that need it
What are the three different ways ADP is bound to Pi?
Photophosphorylation
Oxidative phosphorylation
Substrate-level phosphorylation
What is photophosphorylation
It is the addition of a phosphate to ADP that takes place in chlorophyll containing plant cells during photosynthesis.
What is oxidative phosphorylation?
It is the addition of a phosphate to ADP that occurs in plant and animal cells during the process of electron transport.
What is substrate-level phosphorylation?
It is the addition of a phosphate to ADP in plant and animal cells when phosphate groups are transported from donor to ADP to make ATP. For example in the formation of pyruvate at the end of glycolysis.
