ATP Flashcards
1
Q
ATP
A
Adenosine triphosphate * the main energy source to carry out processes within cells
* A nucleotide derivative
2
Q
Structure of ATP
A
- Adenine - nitrogenous organic base
- Ribose- pentose sugar that acts as a backbone
- 3 phosphates- high energy phophate bonds have low activation energy
3
Q
ATP uses
A
- Metabolic processes- ATP provides energy needed to build up macromolecule for their basic units
- Movement- provides the energy for muscle contraction
- Active transport- provides energy to change the shape of carrier proteins so ions can be moved against the concentration gradient
- Secretion- forms lysosomes needed for the secretion of cell products
- Activation of molecules
4
Q
ATP Hydrolysis
A
- The bonds between the phosphate groups (2nd and 3rd) are unstable and have a low activation energy
- The phosphate bonds are easily broken
- When bonds are broken, they release energy
- Water is used to convert ATP into ADP
- Reaction is catalysed by ATP hydrolase
- Energy and inorganic phosphate released can be used to phosphorolate (add phosphate) other chemical
5
Q
ATP equation
A
ATP + (H20) —-> ADP + Pi + E
* Adenosine triphosphate + water = adenosine diphosphate + inorganic phosphate + energy
6
Q
Synthesis of ATP
A
- Conversion of ATP to ADP is a reversible reaction
- Energy can be used to add an inorganic phosphate to ADP to reform ATP
- Catalysed by the enzyme ATP synthase
- Water is removed (condensation reaction)
7
Q
where does ATP synthesis happen
A
8
Q
Properties of ATP
A
- Immediate energy source- hydrolysis is quick due to unstable phosphate bonds so ATP is released instantaneously
- It releases a small amount of energy at a time, in manageable bursts
- Cannot leave the cell (mitochondria) allowinf it to be constantly used
- Soluable and mobile transporting the chemical energy to where its needed in the cell
- Universal energy carrier that can be used in many different chemical reactions
