ATP Flashcards
What is ATP
nucleotide derivative
What is ribose
5 - C sugar
Describe the forward reaction Hydrolysis ATP hydrolase
ATP -> ADP +Pi
- Catalyzed by the enzyme ATP hydrolase.
- will hydrolyze the bond between phosphates 2 & 3 (bond a) leaving Adenosine diphosphate (ATP) & Pi (phosphate)
Describe the backwards reaction of the Condensation ADP synthases
ATP <- ADP+ Pi
- ATP syntheses catalyses condensation reactions between APP & Pi
- during photosynthesis and respiration
What is the crutial adaptation of ATP
- It can be rapidity resynthesized
- Recycled for various bodily functions
Properties of a phosphate group
- Phosphate release in the hydrolysis of ATP, Phosphorylate other compounds to make them more reactive
- crucial in bodily reactions
- e.g. glycolysis
properties of ATP in Cells
- Can be rapidly resynthesized
- wont release a large amount of ATP to compensate that it has to release small amount of energy at a time
- Cannot leave the cell = ATP to be constantly used
Show how ATP is synthesized from ADP ?
ADP + Pi -> ATP
Properties of ATP in biological processes
- release small amount of energy at a time
= so enzymes are not denatured - releases energy instantaneously = hydrolysis of ATP - simple reaction
- Soluble
- Broken down in one step making energy avaliable rapidly
Aerobic Respiration
Aerobic respiration is made of four stages:
- glycolysis, the link reaction,
- the Krebs cycle and
- oxidative phosphorylation.
- During aerobic respiration, glucose is effectively burned inside our bodies (it reacts with oxygen) to produce carbon dioxide, water and lots of energy in the form of ATP.
Equation for Aerobic Respiration?
C6H1206 + 6O2 -> 6CO2 + 6H2O
What type of Exercise is more effective to loose body fat?
- Low intensity bc fat is mainly used at low intensity
- Long duration exercises Percentage fat increases with time
- Carbohydrates used decrease with time
Process of ATP formation
- reaction releases a lot of energy
- used in other reactions within cells
- Pi is used to phosphorylate other compounds as well
- during respiration and photosynthesis ATP synthase can remake ATP by condensation of ADP + Pi
What is the biological importance of H+ ion?
- higher conc. of H+
- = lower PH,
- enzyme reactions rely on the maintenance of PH level
What is the biological importance of Fe2+/Fe3+ ion?
- in hemoglobin the Fe binds to O2
- allows transportation around the body
What is the biological importance of Na+ ion?
- used in co- transport of C6H12O6 and amino acids
What is the biological importance of PO4 3- ion?
Phosphate found in both nucleotides and ATP
What is an inorganic ion and where do they occur?
- they are charged atoms or group of atoms
- occur in solution in the cytoplasm and body fluids of organisms,
- some in high concentrations and others in very low concentrations
ATP is resynthesized by the condensation of ADP and Pi. What enzyme is this catalyzed by and during what processes ?
- ATP is resynthesized by the condensation of ADP and Pi.
- This reaction is catalyzed by the enzyme ATP synthase during photosynthesis, or during respiration.
KEY POINTS !
- Adenosine triphosphate is composed of the nitrogenous base adenine, the five-carbon sugar ribose, and three phosphate groups.
- ATP is hydrolysed to ADP in the reaction ATP+H2O→ADP+Pi+ free energy
- ADP is combined with a phosphate to form ATP in the reaction ADP + Pi+ free energy→ATP+H2O.
- The energy released from the hydrolysis of ATP into ADP is used to perform cellular work, usually by coupling the exergonic reaction of ATP hydrolysis with endergonic reactions.
- Sodium-potassium pumps use the energy derived from exergonic ATP hydrolysis to pump sodium and potassium ions across the cell membrane while phosphorylation drives the endergonic reaction.
Like most chemical reactions, the hydrolysis of ATP to ADP is reversible. The reverse reaction combines ADP + Pi to regenerate ATP from ADP. How?
-Since ATP hydrolysis releases energy, ATP synthesis must require an input of free energy.
ADP is combined with a phosphate to form ATP in the following reaction:
ADP + Pi + free energy → ATP + H2O
Suitable ‘energy currency’
- higher the energy bonds between phosphate groups
