ATP

Question 1

What is ATP?

Answer 1

Adenosine triphosphate (ATP) is a phosphorylated nucleotide (just like the monomers of DNA/RNA)

In all known forms of life, ATP from respiration is used to transfer energy in all energy-requiring processes in cells - it is the universal energy currency of life

Question 2

The structure of ATP

Answer 2

Adenosine (a nucleoside) can be combined with one, two or three phosphate groups

One phosphate group = adenosine monophosphate (AMP)

Two phosphate groups = adenosine diphosphate (ADP)

Three phosphate groups = adenosine triphosphate (ATP)

Question 3

ATP Hydrolysis

Answer 3

Hydrolysis of ATP to adenosine diphosphate (ADP) and an inorganic phosphate group (Pi) is catalysed by the enzyme ATP hydrolase sometimes called ‘ATPase’

Question 4

The hydrolysis of ATP can be coupled to energy-requiring reactions within cells such as

Answer 4

The active transport of ions up a concentration gradient
Enzyme controlled reactions that require energy
Muscle contraction and muscle fibre movement

Question 5

ATP Synthesis

Answer 5

ATP is formed when ADP is combined with an inorganic phosphate (Pi) group by the enzyme ATP synthase

Question 6

Benefits of ATP

Answer 6

Can be recycled
Hydrolysis is quick and easy
Soluble and moves easily in cells
Forms phosphorylated intermediates