Atoms + Radiation

Question 1

An atom has a small, ……………. charged nucleus surrounded by orbiting negatively charged …………….

Answer 1

• positively

- electrons.

Question 2

where is most of the mass in an atom concentrated?

Answer 2

the nucleus

Question 3

what does an atoms atomic number show?

Answer 3

the number of protons is possesses

Question 4

where are protons found in the atom?

Answer 4

in the nucleus

Question 5

what relative charge do protons have?

Answer 5

+1

Question 6

what do all atoms of the same element have the same number of?

Answer 6

protons

Question 7

what relative charge do electrons have?

Answer 7

-1

Question 8

where are electrons found in the atom?

Answer 8

in fixed orbits around the nucleus

Question 9

why do electrons, overall, have no electric charge?

Answer 9

because the number of negative electrons balances out the number of positive protons

Question 10

where are neutrons found?

Answer 10

in the nucleus

Question 11

what relative charge do neutrons have?

Answer 11

0

- they are neutral

Question 12

What is the overall charge of the nucleus of an atom?

Answer 12

positive

Question 13

What do we call a small, negatively charged particle that orbits an atom’s nucleus?

Answer 13

electron

Question 14

How many types of sub-atomic particles are there in an atom?

Answer 14

3

Question 15

what are the 3 sub-atomic particles?

Answer 15

• proton
• neutron
• electron

Question 16

In what environment would the relative mass of an atom change?

Answer 16

mas is constant across all environments

Question 17

what did Ernest Rutherford discover?

Answer 17

the nucleus

Question 18

Electrons have fixed positions within atoms, called ……………….. or energy levels, which surround the nucleus.

Answer 18

shells

Question 19

What can be emitted by atoms to change the electron arrangement in an atom?

Answer 19

radiation

Question 20

What happens when atoms absorb electromagnetic radiation?

Answer 20

electrons move to an energy level further away from the nucleus

Question 21

Why would the alpha particles be deflected by a smaller angle if the thin metal foil was made of a lighter element?

Answer 21

The nuclei of lighter elements contain fewer protons. This means they have a lower charge. Each alpha particle will therefore experience a smaller electric force acting on it and so deflect by a smaller angle.

Question 22

What is the nucleon number?

Answer 22

the total number of protons and neutrons in an atoms nucleus

Question 23

what happens when an atom becomes charged by gaining or losing electrons?

Answer 23

it becomes an ion

Question 24

Ions are ………. particles that form when an atom either loses or gains electrons.

Answer 24

charged

Question 25

how are positive ions created?

Answer 25

when an atom loses electrons

Question 26

how are negative ions created?

Answer 26

when an atom gains electrons

Question 27

The number of …………… in a nucleus tells us what element an atom is. For example, hydrogen atoms always have 1 ………………

Answer 27

• protons

- proton

Question 28

How does the nucleus of an atom change when it gains electrons?

Answer 28

it doesn’t

Question 29

what are electrons?

Answer 29

negatively charged sub-atomic particles

Question 30

how many isotopes does hydrogen have?

Answer 30

3

Question 31

what are the three isotopes of hydrogen?

Answer 31

• Protium (most common)
• Deuterium
• Tritium

Question 32

The atomic number of sodium is 11. How many neutrons does an isotope with a mass number of 22 have?

Answer 32

11

Question 33

Two atoms with the same number of protons but a different number of neutrons are said to be what?

Answer 33

isotopes

Question 34

Protium is the most common isotope of ………….. with ……….. proton and ……… neutrons. It is used in hydrogen fuel cells and the production of plastics.

Answer 34

• hydrogen
• 1
• 0

Question 35

what is a Nuclide?

Answer 35

a specific nucleus, which contains a certain number of protons and neutrons. they are a type of isotope.

Question 36

what are protons?

Answer 36

positively charge sub-atomic particles with a charge of +1

Question 37

what are neutrons?

Answer 37

neutral sub-atomic particles found in an atoms nucleus.

Question 38

need to add cards from 4.2.1 onwards…

Answer 38

rahhhh