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OCR A LEVEL CHEMISTRY > ATOMS, IONS AND COMPOUNDS > Flashcards

ATOMS, IONS AND COMPOUNDS Flashcards

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1
Q

Which 2 subatomic particles are found in a nucleus?

A

Protons

Neutrons

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2
Q

Protons and neutrons have the same…

A

Mass

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3
Q

What is the relative mass of an electron?

A

1/1836 th the mass of a proton

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4
Q

What charge does a proton have?

A

Positive charge 1+

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5
Q

What charge does an electron have?

A

Negative charge 1-

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6
Q

What charge does a neutron have?

A

No charge, it is neutral

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7
Q

Where is most of the mass of an atom found?

A

In the nucleus

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8
Q

Atoms contain the same number of….

A

Protons and electrons

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9
Q

What is the overall charge of an atom?

A

Zero

The charges cancel out - an atom is neutral

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10
Q

What is an Isotope?

A

Isotopes are atoms of the same element with different numbers of neutrons and different masses

They still have the same number of electrons

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11
Q

Does the number of neutrons have an effect in the reactions of an element?

A

No, therefore different isotopes of an element react in the same way

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12
Q

What is the name of “Heavy water”

A

Deuterium

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13
Q

What is special about Deuterium compared to normal water?

A

Greater density
Higher melting point and boiling point (by a little)

Water would freeze at a higher temp (if deuterium)

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14
Q

What is an ion?

A

A charged atom

Different numbers of electrons
So there is an overall charge

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15
Q

What are cations?

A

Positive ions

More protons than electrons
Overall positive charge

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16
Q

What are anions?

A

Negative ions

More electrons than protons
Overall negative charge

17
Q

What is the difference between ions and atoms?

A

Same number of protons

But different number of electrons

18
Q

What is Relative Isotopic Mass?

A

Relative Isotopic mass is the mass of an isotope relative to 1/12th of the mass of an atom of carbon 12

19
Q

Mass number is…

A

MASSive (the bigger number)

Sum of the protons and neutrons

20
Q

What is Relative Atomic Mass?

A

Relative atomic mass, Ar, is the weighted mean mass of an atom of an element relative to 1/12th of the mass of an atom of carbon 12

21
Q

How are the percentage abundances of isotopes found?

A

Using a mass spectrometer

22
Q

Describe how a mass spectrometer is used to find the percentage abundances of isotopes

A
  1. A sample is placed in the mass spectrometer
  2. The sample is vaporised and then ionised to form positive ions
  3. The ions are accelerated.
    Heavier ions move more slowly and are more difficult to deflect than lighter ones, so the ions of each isotope are separated
  4. The ions are detected on a mass spectrum as a m/z

Each ion reaching the detector adds to the signal
So the greater the abundance
The larger the signal

23
Q

How do you determine the m/z ratio of an element?

A

Relative mass of ion / Relative charge of ion

24
Q

What does the M in m/z stand for?

A

Mass

25
Q

What does the Z in m/z stand for?

A

Charge

26
Q

What does m/z stand for?

A

Mass-to-charge ratio

27
Q

Which atoms lose electrons to form cations and gain a full outer shell?

A

Metals

28
Q

Which atoms gain electrons to form anions and gain a full outer shell?

A

Non-metals

29
Q

Formulae for Ammonium ion?

A

NH4+

30
Q

Formulae for Hydroxide ion?

A

OH-

31
Q

Formulae for Carbonate ion?

A

CO3 ^2-

32
Q

Formulae for Nitrate ion?

A

NO3 -

33
Q

Formulae for Sulfate ion?

A

SO4 ^2-

34
Q

Formulae for Nitrite ion?

A

NO2 -

35
Q

Formulae for Sulfite ion?

A

SO3 2-

36
Q

List the diatomic molecules

A 
H2
N2
O2
F2
Cl2
Br2

OCR A LEVEL CHEMISTRY (48 decks)

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