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Chemistry 30 > Atoms & Elements Review > Flashcards

Atoms & Elements Review Flashcards

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1
Q

Hypothesis

A

A general statement to answer the problem

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2
Q

Prediction

A

A specific statement to answer the problem (if, then, because)

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3
Q

Observation

A

The gathering of information using the five senses

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4
Q

Quantitative observations

A

Measures what we observe with the numbers

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5
Q

Qualitative observation

A

Describes what we observe with adjectives

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6
Q

Inference

A

Using observations to make a guess about the outcome

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7
Q

Independent variable (manipulated)

A

The variable that changes

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8
Q

Dependent variable (responding)

A

Observe what happens as a result of the independent variable/ change made.

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9
Q

Controls

A

Keep all the other variable is the same throughout the experiment

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10
Q

Accuracy

A

Describes how correct the data is

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11
Q

Precision

A

Describes how repeatable the data is

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12
Q

Random errors

A

Human errors; Limits the ability to make consistent and accurate measurements

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13
Q

Systematic errors

A

Occurs in equipment calibrations; is in all lab work

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14
Q

Experimental error

A

Explains why the measurements aren’t perfect and the errors are unavoidable.

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15
Q

Atomic radii

A

Measures how closely and atom lies to a neighbouring atom

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16
Q

Inner shielding

A

Effect by which other electrons shield a given electron given from some of the nucleus charge.

17
Q

Ionization Energy

A

Energy required to remove a single electron from an element

18
Q

Electronegativity

A

Attraction of an atom for a pair of electrons to itself.

19
Q

Electron configuration

A

The arrangements of an electron in an atom.

20
Q

Quantum mechanics

A

Probabilities of finding an electron At a particular time and space

21
Q

Heisenberg

A

Fundamentally impossible to find an electron’s velocity and position

22
Q

Quantum mechanical model

A

The understanding of where electrons act as waves

23
Q

Principal Energy Levels

A

‘N’ specifies the atoms major energy level

24
Q

Energy sub levels

A

Number of sub levels within an energy level is equal to N^2 squared

25
Q

Ground State electron Configuration

A

Electron has lowest energy possible

26
Q

Quanta

A

Minimum amount of energy required to move 1 electron from energy level to another.

27
Q

Aufbau Principal

A

Orbitals fill upwards with orbitals of lowest energy

28
Q

Pauli exclusion principle

A

Orbitals may contain a maximum of 2 electrons, if they have the opposite spin.

29
Q

Hund’s rule

A

Orbitals of equal energy (within p,d,f) must each contain 1 electron before any gain 2

30
Q

Shrödinger wave equation

A

Equation establishes probability of finding an electron within a particular volume of space

31
Q

PERIODIC TRENDS atomic radii

A
  • INCREASES as you move DOWN a group.
  • shielding increases
  • attraction is less
  • atom size increases
  • DECREASE moving LEFT TO RIGHT
  • number of protons increase
  • attraction is greater
  • atom size decreases
32
Q

PERIODIC TRENDS Ionization energy

A

DECREASES as you move DOWN a GROUP
- as radii increases, shielding increases. This makes the removal of electrons easy

INCREASES moving LEFT to RIGHT

  • number of protons increase
  • greater attraction meaning difficult to remove electrons
33
Q

PERIODIC TRENDS Electronegativity

A

DECREASES as you go DOWN a GROUP

  • increases radii
  • increases shielding
  • less affinity for electrons

INCREASES as you move LEFT to RIGHT

  • elements are close to stabilization.
  • would rather gain electrons than lose
34
Q

Isotopes

A

Atoms with same number of protons but different numbers of neutrons.

The isotope that is closest to the atomic mass of element, the more abundant they are in nature.

35
Q

MAKE 3 Lewis dot structures

A

RIGHT NOW

36
Q

Practice 3 Electron configurations

A

RIGHT THE HECK NOW

37
Q

DO 3 NOBLE GAS conFIGURATIONS

A

right now please

38
Q

Do 3 Aufbau diagrams

A

RIGHT now

39
Q

PRACTICE ISOMERS

A

Bc I don’t know what that is

Chemistry 30 (4 decks)

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