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Chemistry > Atoms, elements and compounds > Flashcards

Atoms, elements and compounds Flashcards

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1
Q

what are all substances made up of

A

Atoms

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2
Q

what is the radius of an atom

A

about 0.1 nanometres
1 × 10^-10 m

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3
Q

where is the nucleus in the atom

A

in the middle of the atom

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4
Q

what is in the nucleus

A

protons and neutrons

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5
Q

what is the radius of the nucleus

A

1 x 10^-14

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6
Q

what is the charge of the nucleus and why

A

1) it has a positive charge
2) because of the protons

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7
Q

where is the mass of an atom

A

almost the whole mass is concentrated in the nucleus

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8
Q

what is the relative mass and relative charge of a proton

A

1) relative mass: 1
2) relative charge: +1

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9
Q

what is the relative mass and relative charge of a neutron

A

1) relative mass: 1
2) relative charge: 0

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10
Q

what is the relative mass and relative charge of an electron

A

1) relative mass: nearly 0
2) relative charge: -1

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11
Q

where are the electrons in an atom

A

they move around the nucleus in electron shells, they cover a lot of space

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12
Q

what determines the size of the atom

A

the volume of the electrons orbits

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13
Q

what is the charge of atoms and why

A

1) they are neutral
2) because they have the same
number of protons and
electrons

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14
Q

how does the charge on electrons compare to the charge on protons in an atom

A

they are the same size but opposite, so they cancel each other out

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15
Q

how does the charge on electrons compare to the charge on protons in an ion

A

the number of protons don’t equal the number of electrons, the electrons are either lost or gained

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16
Q

what does the nuclear symbol of an atom tell you
2 points

A

1) the atomic (proton) number
2) mass number

17
Q

what does the atomic number of an atom tell you

A

how many protons there are

18
Q

what does the mass number of an atom tell you

A

the total number of protons and neutrons there are

19
Q

how do you work out how many neutrons are in an atom

A

subtract the atomic number from the mass number

20
Q

draw and label the nuclear symbol for hydrogen

A

google it

21
Q

draw and label the nuclear symbol for sodium

A

google it

22
Q

what is the definition of an element

A

an element is a substance made up of atoms that all have the same number of protons in their nucleus

23
Q

what decides what type of atom an atom is

A

the number of protons in the nucleus

24
Q

how many elements are there

A

118

25
Q

what is the definition of an isotope

A

different forms of the same element, which have the same number of protons but a different number of neutrons

26
Q

what is the difference between the atomic number and the mass number of isotopes

A

they have the same atomic number but different mass number

27
Q

compare carbon-12 and
carbon-13
2 points

A

1) they both have the same number of electrons and protons (6)
2) but carbon-13 has 7 neutrons and carbon-12 has 6

28
Q

define relative atomic mass

A

relative atomic mass is an average mass taking into account the different masses and abundances of all the isotopes that make up the element

29
Q

why is relative atomic mass used

A

many elements can exist as a number of different isotopes so relative atomic mass is used instead of mass number when referring to an element as a whole

30
Q

what is the symbol of relative atomic mass

A

A(r)

31
Q

what is the formula for relative atomic mass

A

relative atomic mass = (sum of (isotope abundance x isotope mass number)) / sum of abundances of all the isotopes

32
Q

copper has 2 stable isotopes.
Cu-63 has an abundance of 69.2% and Cu-65 has an abundance of 30.8%. calculate the relative atomic mass of copper (1dp)

A

63.6
p18

33
Q

what is a compound
3 points

A

1) compounds are substances formed from two or more elements
2) the atoms of each are in fixed proportions throughout the compound
3) they are held together by chemical bonds

34
Q

how are bonds made
2 points

A

1) they are made by atoms giving away, taking or sharing electrons
2) the nuclei of atoms aren’t affected

35
Q

how are compounds formed and separated

A

by chemical reactions

36
Q

what is ionic bonding
4 points

A

1) the bonding between a metal and a non-metal
2) metal atoms lose electrons to form positive ions
3) non-metal atoms gain electrons to form negative ions
4) the opposite charges of the ions mean they are strongly attracted to each other

37
Q

what is covalent bonding
2 points

A

1) the bonding between two or more non-metals
2) each atom shares one or more electron with another atom

Chemistry (6 decks)

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