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Chemical Basis Of Life > Atoms Combine By Chemical Bonding To Form Molecules > Flashcards

Atoms Combine By Chemical Bonding To Form Molecules Flashcards

0
Q

Formula which indicates the number and type of atoms (e.g. H2)

A

Molecular

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1
Q

Formula which represents the atoms and bonding within a molecule. (E.g. H-H) the line represents a shared paired of electrons.

A

Structural Formula

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2
Q

Bond between atoms formed by sharing a single pair of valence electrons.

A

Single covalent bond

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3
Q

Formed when atoms share two pairs of valence electrons. (E.g. O2)

A

Double covalent bond

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4
Q

Formed when atoms share three pairs of valence electrons

A

Triple covalent bond

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5
Q

Bonding capacity of an atom which is the number of covalent bonds that much be formed to complete the outer shell.

A

Valence

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6
Q

Bond formed by the charge attraction when a (hydrogen atom covalently bonded to one electronegative( electron-loving) atom) is attracted to (another electronegative atom). Is an important weak bond. Weak attractive force that is about 20 times easier to break than a covalent bond.

A

Hydrogen bond

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7
Q

The polar molecules of water are held together by what?

A

Hydrogen bonds

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8
Q

Orders water into a higher level of structural organization.

A

Hydrogen bonding

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9
Q

Charged atom or molecule

A

Ion

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10
Q

Strongest Among the top three types of bonds

A

Covalent bonds

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11
Q

Second strongest among the top 3 types of bonds.

A

Ionic bonds

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12
Q

Bond formed by the electrostatic attraction after the complete transfer of an electron from a donor atom to an acceptor.

A

Ionic bond

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13
Q

What are ionic compounds called?

A

Salts

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14
Q

Nature of carbon. Means 4 bonds

A

Tetravalent

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15
Q

Are strong bonds in crystals, but are fragile bonds in water,; salt crystals will readily dissolve in water and dissociate (break apart) into ions

A

Ionic bonds

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16
Q

Proteins are composed to what?

A

Amino acids. Which are highly acidic.

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17
Q

The more protons you have the ? The PH?

A

The lower

18
Q

Substances that increase the relative [H+] of a solution. Breaks apart and donates protons.

A

Acid

19
Q

Substances that reduce the relative [H+] of a solution. Can take protons away.

A

Base

20
Q

LEO

A

Lose
Electrons
Oxidation

21
Q

GER

A

Giving
Electrons
Reactions

22
Q

To burn

A

Caustic

23
Q

PH scale code*

A

-log[H+]

24
Q

The scale used to measure degree of acidity. It’s ranges from 0-14.

A

PH scale

25
Q

Substance that prevents large, sudden changes in pH.

A

Buffer

26
Q

A buffer in the blood.

A

Bicarbonate buffer.

27
Q

Large molecule consisting of many identical or similar subunits connected together.

A

Polymer

28
Q

Subunit or building block molecule of a polymer.

A

Monomer

29
Q

(Macro=large) large organic (carbon-containing) polymers

A

Macromolecule

30
Q

The four classes of macromolecules in living organisms.

A
  1. Carbohydrates
  2. Lipids
  3. Proteins
  4. Nucleic acids
31
Q

Chemical reactions that link two or more small molecules to form larger molecules wit repeating structural units.

A

Polymerization reactions

32
Q

Polymerization reactions during the monomers are covalently LINKED, producing net removal of a water molecule for each covalent linkage.

A

Condensation reactions

33
Q

Always means body

A

Soma

34
Q

Takes out water

A

Dehydration synthesis

35
Q

Water break. A reaction process that breaks covalent bonds between monomers by the addition of water molecules.

A

Hydrolysis

36
Q

Organic molecule made of sugars and their polymers.

A

Carbohydrates

37
Q

Simple sugar in which Carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen occur in the ratio of (CH2O). Can be incorporated as monomers into disaccharides and polysaccharides. Store energy in their chemical bonds which is harvested by cellular respiration.

A

Monosaccharides

38
Q

A double sugar that consist of two monosaccharides joined by a glycosidic(bond between sugars) linkage.

A

Disaccharides

39
Q

Covalent bond formed by a condensation reaction between two sugar monomers.

A

Glycosidic linkage

40
Q

Means sugar

A

Glyco

41
Q

Macromolecules that are polymers of a few hundred or thousand monosaccharides. Are formed by linking monomers in enzyme-mediated condensation (joining by removing water) reactions.

A

Polysaccharides

42
Q

To give raise to

A

Gen

43
Q

Multiple glucose. Stored in the muscle and liver of humans and other vertebrates.

A

Glycogen

Chemical Basis Of Life (4 decks)

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