Atoms, Bonding and Ions

Question 1

Particles

Answer 1

All matter in the universe is comprised of atoms

Question 2

Matter

Answer 2

Anything that takes up space is matter

Question 3

Groups

Answer 3

Each group in the periodic table correlates to how many electrons each atom has in its outer shell

Question 4

What is the mass number?

Answer 4

The top number, representing the number of protons and electrons

Question 5

What is the atomic number?

Answer 5

The bottom number, representing the number of protons

Question 6

Shells

Answer 6

Electrons orbit in shells of 2-8-8-8-….

Question 7

Cation

Answer 7

A positively charged ion

Question 8

Anion

Answer 8

A negatively charged ion

Question 9

How do you represent the electrons added to anions?

Answer 9

Use a dot

Question 10

What bonding is a metal and a non-metal?

Answer 10

Ionic bonding

Question 11

Electrostatic

Answer 11

The forces between two oppositely charged ions that hold them together

Question 12

When can a covalent structure conduct electricity?

Answer 12

When it is molten or dissolved

Question 13

What is the outer shell called?

Answer 13

The valence

Question 14

What type of bonding occurs when a non-metal reacts with another non-metal

Answer 14

Covalent bonding

Question 15

What type of boiling point to covalent structures have?

Answer 15

Low boiling points because they have weak intermolecular forces

Question 16

Can covalent structures conduct electricity

Answer 16

No because they have no charge carriers

Question 17

What is covalent bond?

Answer 17

A shared pair of electrons, they are strong.

Question 18

The bigger the molecule the stronger the what?

Answer 18

The stronger the intermolecular forces

Question 19

Diatomic

Answer 19

Two atoms in a molecule

Question 20

What is special about the ratio of a nanoparticle

Answer 20

Nanoparticles have very large surface area to volume ratios so their properties are changed

Question 21

What does the prefix nano mean?

Answer 21

one billionth

Question 22

What are they used in?

Answer 22

Medicine, sun-cream and cosmetics/ deodorants

Question 23

Why are the used in medicine?

Answer 23

They can be used to deliver drugs to specific areas rapidly, eliminates unwanted side effects and helps prevent infections however long term effects are unknown and it is expensive

Question 24

Why are they used in sun-cream

Answer 24

Makes sun-cream more effective for protecting skin, invisible on skin however there is a possibility the nanoparticles are small enough to accumulate in the body as nps clump together

Question 25

Why are they used in cosmetics and deodorants

Answer 25

Can be added to toothpastes to be more effective, silver nps kill odours but there is concern they may again accumulate in the body

Question 26

What did John Dalton discover?

Answer 26

A scientist that drew on ancient Greek philosophy and came up with a sphere

Question 27

What did JJ Thompson discover?

Answer 27

He discovered electrons and came up with the plum pudding model

Question 28

What did Niels Bohr discover?

Answer 28

His calculations led to an understanding of electron orbitals or shells. He also found that the nucleus was not just a lump of positive mass but particles of positive charge

Question 29

What did Ernest Rutherford discover?

Answer 29

Along with Geiger and Marsden, he conducted the gold foil experiment and found hat some alpha particles bounced back when pointed at a gold leaf sheet meaning there was a small mass in the middle that was positive

Question 30

What did James Chadwick discover?

Answer 30

There was a particle in the centre that had mass but no charge (the neutron)