Atoms and the Periodic Table 1.2 Flashcards

1
Q

What are Quantum Numbers

A

They tell us where an electron is in an atom

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2
Q

What are the 4 quantum numbers

A
  • Principle quantum number (n)
  • Angular momentum number (l)
  • Magnetic quantum number (m)
  • ## Spin magnetic quantum number (+1/2 or -1/2)
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3
Q

What is the atomic orbital

A

Volume in a space where the probability of finding an electron is more than 90%

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4
Q

What is the principle quantum number

A

Determines the main energy level. It can have values n=1,2,3,4… The numbers determine the size and energy of the shell

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5
Q

What is the angular momentum quantum number

A

Determines the shape of the sub-shell and is labelled s, p, d, f.

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6
Q

What is the magnetic quantum number

A

Relates to the orientation in space of the orbital, m=-l to +l

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7
Q

What is the spin magnetic quantum number

A

Determines the direction of the spin. It can have values of +1/2 or -1/2

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8
Q

What is the Pauli Exclusion Principle

A

An orbital can hold at most 2 electrons and the electrons in that orbital must have opposite spins

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9
Q

What is the Aufbaus Principle

A

Electrons fill atomic orbitals in order of increasing energy

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10
Q

What is the Hunds Rule

A

Electrons will occupy degenerate orbitals singly and with parallel spins before pairing (think of a bus)

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11
Q

What does degenerate mean

A

Equal energy

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12
Q

What is the statement about stability

A

There is a special stability associated with having an exactly half full electronic sub shell

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