Atoms And Reaction Flashcards
Ideal gas equation
pV=nRT
What is formed in a neutralisation reaction
A salt and water
Metal + Acid products
Metal salt + hydrogen
Metal oxide + Acid products
Salt + water
Metal carbonate + Acid products
Metal salt + Carbon dioxide + Water
Oxygen oxidation number
-2
Oxygen in peroxide’s oxidation number
-1
Hydrogen oxidation number
+1
Hydrogen oxidation in metal hydrides
-1
Oxidation number rules
All uncombined elements have oxidation number 0
For monoatomic ion its same as charge
Molecular ions, sum of oxidation numbers is same as charge
Neutral compounds have 0
Orbital
A region within an atom that can hold up to 2 electrons with opposite spin
Spin pairing
Idea that two electrons spin in opposite direction if in the same orbital
Principle quantum number
The number given to the shell energy level
S sub shell max electrons
2
P max electron
6
D max electrons
10
F max electrons
14
S orbital shape
Spherical
P orbital shape
Dumbbell
Mass spectra: Relative atomic mass
Multiply each relative isotopic mass by its relative isotopic abundance and add up results
Divide by sum of isotopic abundance’s
Ar from isotopic Abundance
Multiply each relative isotopic mass by its % relative isotopic abundance and add up the results
Divide by 100
Empirical formula
The smallest whole hunger ratios of atoms of each element in a compound
Molecular formula
Gives the actual number of atoms of each type of element in a molecule
Nitrate ion
NO3-
Carbonate ion
CO3 2-
Sulfate ion
SO4 2-
Ammonium ion
NH4 +
Zinc ion
Zn2+
Silver ion
Ag+
First ionisation energy
Energy needed to remove 1 mole of electrons from 1 mole of gaseous atoms
Gas volume at RTP
24dm^3mol^-1
RTP
298 K
101.3kPa
Percentage yield
(Actual yield/theoretical)x100
Atom economy
(Molecular mass of Desired product/ sum of molecular masses of all products)x100
