atoms and elements Flashcards
On which part of the periodic table do you find non-metallic elements?
On the right side of the periodic table
Non-metals are typically found in groups 14-18.
What is the smallest part of an element that can exist?
An atom
Atoms are the basic building blocks of elements.
Group 1 in the periodic table is also known as
Alkali metals
Alkali metals are highly reactive and include lithium, sodium, and potassium.
Group 7 in the periodic table is also known as
Halogens
Halogens include fluorine, chlorine, bromine, and iodine.
Helium, Neon, Argon and Krypton are found in group 0 and they are examples of
Noble gases
Noble gases are characterized by their lack of reactivity.
Define a molecule
A group of two or more atoms bonded together
Molecules can consist of the same or different elements.
Define a compound
A substance formed when two or more different elements are chemically bonded
Compounds have distinct properties different from the elements that form them.
Potassium phosphate contains potassium, phosphorous and what else?
Oxygen
Potassium phosphate is a compound with the formula K3PO4.
Define a mixture
A combination of two or more substances that are not chemically bonded
Mixtures can be separated by physical means.
Define a lattice
A regular, repeating arrangement of atoms, ions, or molecules in three-dimensional space
Lattices are common in ionic and metallic structures.
How does mass change in a chemical reaction?
Mass is conserved; the total mass of reactants equals the total mass of products
This is known as the law of conservation of mass.
Which particles are found in the nucleus?
Protons and neutrons
The nucleus is the dense center of an atom.
What is the charge of an electron?
Negative
Electrons are subatomic particles with a charge of -1.
Which two subatomic particles have the same mass?
Protons and neutrons
Both protons and neutrons have a mass of approximately 1 atomic mass unit (amu).
What is the overall charge of an atom?
Neutral
Atoms have an equal number of protons and electrons, balancing the charges.
What does the atomic number tell us?
The number of protons in an atom
The atomic number defines the element.
What does the mass number represent?
The total number of protons and neutrons in an atom
Mass number is used to identify isotopes.
What is the charge of a neutron?
Neutral
Neutrons have no charge.
How many electrons can fit on the first electron shell?
2
The first shell can hold a maximum of 2 electrons.
What is the maximum number of electrons that can fit on the second electron shell?
8
The second shell can hold a maximum of 8 electrons.
What can electron shells also represent?
Energy levels of electrons
Shells indicate the distance of electrons from the nucleus.
Write the word equation for aerobic respiration
Glucose + Oxygen → Carbon Dioxide + Water + Energy
This process occurs in the mitochondria of cells.
From which system does the body obtain glucose for respiration?
Digestive system
Glucose is derived from the breakdown of carbohydrates.
In which part of our cells does respiration mainly occur?
Mitochondria
Mitochondria are known as the powerhouses of the cell.
