Atoms Flashcards

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1
Q

What are the 3 types of particles that make up an atom?

A

Electrons, neutrons, and protrons.

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2
Q

Where are protons, neutrons, and electrons found?

A

Protons and neutrons are found in the nucleus of an atom, and electrons move around the outside of the nucleus.

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3
Q

What is the mass of protons, electrons, and neutrons?

A

Protons and neutrons have a mass of 1 atomic unit & electrons have no mass at all.

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4
Q

What charge do protons, neutrons, and electrons have?

A

Protons are positively charged, neutrons have no charge, and electrons have a negative charge

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5
Q

How many protons are in an atom of there are 8 electrons?

A

There are 8 protons because each atom had the same number of protons.
8 protons = 8 positive charges
8 electrons = 8 negative charges

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6
Q

What do protons determine?

A

They determine the type of the atom.

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7
Q

How do you find electrons?

A

Electrons are the same as protons (atomic mass - atomic # = protons)

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8
Q

What is an atom?

A

The smallest component of an element. Made up of three types of particles.

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9
Q

What three people created the atomic theories?

A

Aristotle, Democritus, and atomos.

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10
Q

What is democritus’ theory?

A

Democritus’ theory was that:

  • matter could not be divided into smaller pieces for ever
  • eventually an invisible piece will be obtained
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11
Q

What was atomos’ theory?

A

Atomos’ theory was that:

  • atoms were infinite in number
  • always moving and capable of joining together.
  • (buried for 2000 years)
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12
Q

What was aristotle’s theory?

A

Aristotle’s theory was:

  • the earth, fire, water, and air approach to matter.
  • the atoms idea was buried for approximately 2000 years.
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13
Q

What maximum number occupies the first electron orbital?

A

2 electrons

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14
Q

What maximum number occupies the second & third electron orbital?

A

8 electrons

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15
Q

How do you calculate the number of protons?

A

The number of protons is the same as the atomic number number

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16
Q

How do you find the number of neutrons?

A

Atomic mass - atomic number = neutrons

17
Q

How do you find the number of electrons?

A

Same as protons (atomic number)

18
Q

What is an ion?

A

An ion is an atom that has an electric charge

19
Q

What is a positive ion called?

A

A positive ion is called a cation

20
Q

What is a negative ion called?

A

An anion.

21
Q

What is an ionic bond?

A
  • between a metal and a non-metal
  • the transfer of valence electrons
  • (high melting & boiling point)
  • (solid @ room temperature)
22
Q

What is a covalent bond?

A
  • between 2 non-metals
  • the sharing of valence electrons
  • (liquid or gas @ room temperature)
  • low melting and boiling points