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Science Test Revision > Atoms > Flashcards

Atoms Flashcards

1
Q

What is an atom?

A

The smallest particle of an element

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2
Q

Description of an atom

A

a positively charged nucleus circled by widely spaced negatively charged particles.

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3
Q

A particle of matter smaller than an atom?

A

Subatomic particles (protons, electrons, neutrons)

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4
Q

Proton

A

A large subatomic particles with positive charge

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5
Q

Electron

A

A very small subatomic particle with negative charge

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6
Q

Neutron

A

A large subatomic particle with no charge

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7
Q

Nucleus

A

The center part of an atom, with an overall positive charge

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8
Q

Elements

A

A substance made up of just one type of atom

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9
Q

Compounds

A

A substance made up of different types of atoms (molecules in a compound range from small to large)

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10
Q

Charge

A

An electrical property of matter

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11
Q

Net Charge

A

Overall electrical charge of a particle

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12
Q

Neutral Particle

A

A particle with zero net charge

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13
Q

Neutral Charge = ?

A

equal number of protons and electrons

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14
Q

positive ion

A

an atom or molecule with net positive charge

forms when a neutral atom loses electrons, so it has more protons than electrons

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15
Q

negative ion

A

an atom or molecule with net negative charge

forms when a neutral atom gains electrons, so it has more electrons than protons

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16
Q

Ca2+

A

a calcium ion that is missing two electrons compared to the neutral calcium atom

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17
Q

Cl-

A

A chlorine ion that has one extra electron compared to the neutral chlorine atom

18
Q

atomic number

A

number of protons in an atom

19
Q

ion

A

an atom or molecule with a net charge
- positive or negative substance
- may be one atom or a group
- positvies ions have lost electrons
- negative ions have gained electrons

20
Q

three types of chemical bonds

A

ionic, covalent, metallic

21
Q

ionic bond

A

metal - non-metal
ionic bonds are formed by the transfer of electrons
ionic compound forms - metal atoms turn into positively charger cations

22
Q

covalent bond

A

non-metal - non-metal

23
Q

metallic bond

A

metal - metal

24
Q

electron cloud model

A

a model of the atom in which electrons move freely

25
Q

planetary model

A

a model of the atom in which electrons move in defined orbits

26
Q

mass number

A

the number of protons and neutrons in an atom

27
Q

when two atoms have the same number of protons

A

belong to the same isotope

28
Q

stable isotope

A

an isotope in which the nucleus is not likely to break apart

29
Q

unstable isotope

A

an isotope in which the nucleus is likely to break apart

30
Q

radiation

A

the energy or particles released during radioactive decay
(alpha, beta, gamma radiation)

31
Q

radioactive decay

A

the process of unstable atoms releasing radiation

32
Q

acids

A
  • a mixture formed when one substance dissolves in another
  • to undergo chemical change
  • able to break down or destroy substances by reacting with them
  • having a sharp, tangy or unpleasant taste or smell
33
Q

H+ ions

A

acids

34
Q

Hydrogen ion

A

a positive ion formed when a hydrogen atom loses its one electron (H+)

34
Q

Hydroxide ion

A

a negative ion made up of an oxygen atom bonded to a hydrogen atom (OH-)

34
Q

Bases

A

an atom or molecule that has gained or lost electrons giving it an overall electrical charge

34
Q

OH- (hydroxide ions)

A

Bases

35
Q

Cation

A

a positively charged ion that is formed when a metallic element loses one or more electrons

36
Q

Anion

A

ions that are negatively charged, formed when a metallic element gains one or more electrons

37
Q

valance shells

A

the shells surrounding the nucleus that hold the electrons

38
Q

valance electrons

A

are located in the outermost occupied shell of an atom

Science Test Revision (3 decks)

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