Atoms

Question 1

What is an atom?

Answer 1

The smallest particle of an element

Question 2

Description of an atom

Answer 2

a positively charged nucleus circled by widely spaced negatively charged particles.

Question 3

A particle of matter smaller than an atom?

Answer 3

Subatomic particles (protons, electrons, neutrons)

Question 4

Proton

Answer 4

A large subatomic particles with positive charge

Question 5

Electron

Answer 5

A very small subatomic particle with negative charge

Question 6

Neutron

Answer 6

A large subatomic particle with no charge

Question 7

Nucleus

Answer 7

The center part of an atom, with an overall positive charge

Question 8

Elements

Answer 8

A substance made up of just one type of atom

Question 9

Compounds

Answer 9

A substance made up of different types of atoms (molecules in a compound range from small to large)

Question 10

Charge

Answer 10

An electrical property of matter

Question 11

Net Charge

Answer 11

Overall electrical charge of a particle

Question 12

Neutral Particle

Answer 12

A particle with zero net charge

Question 13

Neutral Charge = ?

Answer 13

equal number of protons and electrons

Question 14

positive ion

Answer 14

an atom or molecule with net positive charge

forms when a neutral atom loses electrons, so it has more protons than electrons

Question 15

negative ion

Answer 15

an atom or molecule with net negative charge

forms when a neutral atom gains electrons, so it has more electrons than protons

Question 16

Ca2+

Answer 16

a calcium ion that is missing two electrons compared to the neutral calcium atom

Question 17

Cl-

Answer 17

A chlorine ion that has one extra electron compared to the neutral chlorine atom

Question 18

atomic number

Answer 18

number of protons in an atom

Question 19

ion

Answer 19

an atom or molecule with a net charge
- positive or negative substance
- may be one atom or a group
- positvies ions have lost electrons
- negative ions have gained electrons

Question 20

three types of chemical bonds

Answer 20

ionic, covalent, metallic

Question 21

ionic bond

Answer 21

metal - non-metal
ionic bonds are formed by the transfer of electrons
ionic compound forms - metal atoms turn into positively charger cations

Question 22

covalent bond

Answer 22

non-metal - non-metal

Question 23

metallic bond

Answer 23

metal - metal

Question 24

electron cloud model

Answer 24

a model of the atom in which electrons move freely

Question 25

planetary model

Answer 25

a model of the atom in which electrons move in defined orbits

Question 26

mass number

Answer 26

the number of protons and neutrons in an atom

Question 27

when two atoms have the same number of protons

Answer 27

belong to the same isotope

Question 28

stable isotope

Answer 28

an isotope in which the nucleus is not likely to break apart

Question 29

unstable isotope

Answer 29

an isotope in which the nucleus is likely to break apart

Question 30

radiation

Answer 30

the energy or particles released during radioactive decay (alpha, beta, gamma radiation)

Question 31

radioactive decay

Answer 31

the process of unstable atoms releasing radiation

Question 32

acids

Answer 32

- a mixture formed when one substance dissolves in another - to undergo chemical change - able to break down or destroy substances by reacting with them - having a sharp, tangy or unpleasant taste or smell

Question 33

H+ ions

Answer 33

acids

Question 34

Hydrogen ion

Answer 34

a positive ion formed when a hydrogen atom loses its one electron (H+)

Question 34

Hydroxide ion

Answer 34

a negative ion made up of an oxygen atom bonded to a hydrogen atom (OH-)

Question 34

Bases

Answer 34

an atom or molecule that has gained or lost electrons giving it an overall electrical charge

Question 34

OH- (hydroxide ions)

Answer 34

Bases

Question 35

Cation

Answer 35

a positively charged ion that is formed when a metallic element loses one or more electrons

Question 36

Anion

Answer 36

ions that are negatively charged, formed when a metallic element gains one or more electrons

Question 37

valance shells

Answer 37

the shells surrounding the nucleus that hold the electrons

Question 38

valance electrons

Answer 38

are located in the outermost occupied shell of an atom