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Science (Grade 7 ) Australian > Atoms > Flashcards

Atoms Flashcards

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1
Q

What is an atom ?

A

• Atoms are the building blocks of all matter.
• It also is the smallest unit of matter that has the characteristic properties of a chemical element.
• Smallest unit into which matter can be divided without the release of electrically charged particles.

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2
Q

What is a proton ?

A

Positively charged particle in the nucleus of the atom.
The number of protons in an atom’s nucleus is the atomic number.
Proton

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3
Q

What is a neutron ?

A

Particle in the nucleus that has almost the same mass as a proton but has no charge.
For the atoms of the first 20 elements, the number of neutrons is either equal to or slightly greater than the number of protons.

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4
Q

What is a neutron ?

A

Particle in the nucleus that has almost the same mass as a proton but has no charge.
For the atoms of the first 20 elements, the number of neutrons is either equal to or slightly greater than the number of protons.

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5
Q

What is an electron ?

A

Negatively charged particle surrounding the nucleus of the atom.
The number of electrons surrounding the nucleus of an atom is equal to the number of protons in the atom’s nucleus.

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6
Q

What is atomic mass ?

A

Atomic mass is the total mass of particles of matter in an atom.

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7
Q

What is an atomic number ?

A

Atomic number: The total number of protons in the nucleus of an atom.

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8
Q

Particles and Atoms

A

Atoms are the particles all matter is made from atoms are far too small to be seen with your eyes or even with a normal microscope, but they can sometimes be seen with a powerful type of microscope called a scanning tunnelling
microscope (STM).

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9
Q

Explaining solids

A

• In solids particles are closely packed in fixed positions - definite shape.

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10
Q

Explaining liquids

A

Particles are still paced closely together but they are far more loosely bonded (joined) to their neighbors (compared to solids).
The lose bonding allows the particles to move about and over one another, allowing the liquid to flow and drip.

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11
Q

Explains Gases

A

Particles in gases are spread so far apart that you cannot see them - Invisible
• Because the particles are spread so far apart, there is plenty of vacant space between them.
This space allows them to be pushed together - Compressible.

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12
Q

Melting

A

Process in which heat causes a solid to change into a liquid
The physical properties of the substance has changed, the substance itself is still
the same.

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13
Q

Melting

A

Process in which heat causes a solid to change into a liquid
The physical properties of the substance has changed, the substance itself is still
the same.

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14
Q

Melting point

A

• Refers to the temperature at which a solid starts to melt
• Different substance have different melting points

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15
Q

Boiling point

A

Boiling point of a substance is the temperature at which it changes from a liquid into a gas.
• Water has a boiling point of 100°C.
• This represents the highest temperature that liquid water can be.

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16
Q

Evaporation

A

Evaporation
The process in which heat causes a liquid to change into gas Can be known as vaporisation Can occur at any temperature

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17
Q

Sublimation

A

Solid to gas without going through the liquid stage.

18
Q

Condensation

A

Is when a substance loses heat and changes from gas into
a liquid.

19
Q

Freezing

A

Can be known as solidification Occurs when heat is lost and a liquid changes into a solid.

20
Q

Freezing point

A

Is the temperature at which a liquid changes into a solid.
• For water, the freezing point is the same as melting point: 0°C.

21
Q

Deposition

A

When gases change directly into solids without ever
passing through a liquid state.

22
Q

What is a pure substance?

A

A pure substance is one that is made of one type of substance

23
Q

What is a mixture?

A

A mixture is any substance that is made up of two or more pure substances that have been stirred together.

24
Q

What is a solvent ?

A

A liquid that dissolves a solid.
,liquid or gaseous solute

25
Q

What is a solute ?

A

A solute is a substance dissolved in another substance.

26
Q

What is a solution?

A

A solution is made up of a solute and solvent

27
Q

What is a dilute solution?

A

Small amount of solute and a large amount of solvent

28
Q

What is a concentrated solution?

A

Large amount of solute and a small amount of solvent

29
Q

What is saturation ?

A

A saturated solution is a chemical solution containing the maximum concentration of a solute dissolved in the solvent.
• The additional solute will not dissolve in a saturated solution.

30
Q

Soluble mixtures?

A

A mixture in which a substance does dissolve in water is called a suspension and the substance is said to be insoluble

31
Q

Insoluble mixtures ?

A

A mixture in which a substance does not dissolve in water is called a suspension and the substance is said to be insoluble

32
Q

What is suspension?

A

A suspension is a heterogeneous mixture in which solute like particles settle out of a solvent like phrase sometime after their introduction. Basically something that doesn’t dissolve
• We apply the word ‘suspension’ when particles are big enough to eventually settle.
• If the particles are too small to ever settle, they are said to form a colloid.

33
Q

Insoluble separating processes

A

Magnetic separation
Filtration
Sieving
Gravity separation/ décantation
Centrifuging

34
Q

Magnetic separation

A

Magnetic separation is the process of separating components of mixtures by using magnets to attract magnetic materials

35
Q

Sieving and filtration

A

A sieve is a barrier with a hole in it small solid particles can get through it but large particles can’t sieves can come in a range of sizes specific to a filters act as a sieve’s to separate insoluble substances

36
Q

Gravity separation- decanting

A

Gravity separation uses gravity to separate heavier substances from a suspension the heavier particles sink to the bottom of the container. Decantation is a type of gravity separation that lets suspension of solids or liquid separate naturally.

37
Q

Centrifuging

A

When something spins so fast that any particles suspend in the liquid are forced to the sides and the bottom of a container

38
Q

Chromatography

A

A separating technique that works on mixtures
Of liquids can be used to analyze paints and dyes

39
Q

Compound

A

Two or more elements that are chemically combined for example NACL sodium chloride is a comp

40
Q

Distillation

A

A separating technique that involves boiling point evaporation and condensing to separate a mixture of liquid, for example, ink and water 

Science (Grade 7 ) Australian (3 decks)

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