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Chemistry 4U > Atomic Theory Scientists > Flashcards

Atomic Theory Scientists Flashcards

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1
Q

Democritus

A

Engaged in thought experiments → Start of the Atomic Theory

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2
Q

Democritus

A

Proposed idea that all matter is composed of atoms (tiny particles).

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3
Q

John Dalton

A

“The Father of Modern Atomic Theory”

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4
Q

John Dalton

A

Inferred proportions of elements

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5
Q

John Dalton

A

Proposed that Oxygen and Hydrogen are components of water

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6
Q

William Crookes

A

First to discover electrons but had no explanation for it

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7
Q

J.J Thomson

A

Discovered the Electron and explained it (found charge and mass)

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8
Q

J.J Thomson

A

Showed that electrons were part of matter - the structure of the atom had mass

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9
Q

J.J Thomson

A

“Raisins in Pudding”

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10
Q

Ernest Rutherford

A

“The Father of the Nuclear Atomic Atom”

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11
Q

Ernest Rutherford

A

Made improvements to the atomic model in regard to the characteristics of the nucleus and where the mass is found

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12
Q

Ernest Rutherford

A

Discovered radiations could split into 3 types of beams with magnetic fields

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13
Q

Ernest Rutherford

A

“The Gold Foil Experiment”

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14
Q

Ernest Rutherford

A

Identified the Proton

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15
Q

Henri Becquerel

A

Discovered Radioactivity

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16
Q

Goldstein

A

Discovered Protons, but did not know what it is

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17
Q

Chadwick

A

Discovered the Neutron

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18
Q

Newton

A

Proposed that light was a particle

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19
Q

Huygen

A

Proposed that light was a wave

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20
Q

James Maxwell

A

Proposed that light is an electromagnetic wave

21
Q

Kerchhoff

A

Pioneered the field of the study of black bodies

22
Q

Max Plank

A

Studied “Black Bodies”

23
Q

Max Plank

A

Found a formula that treated light as if it was discrete, NOT continuous
(Treated the energy of the light in quantums of energy)

24
Q

Heinrich Hertz

A

Discovered the Photoelectric Effect

25
Q

Albert Einstein

A

Says light consisted of streams of Planck’s Quanta, and called them Photons

26
Q

Neils Bohr

A

Used Spectroscopy to understand spectral lines

27
Q

Neils Bohr

A

improvements to the characteristics of the electron

28
Q

Neils Bohr

A

Discovered bright line spectra (coloured lines) and absorption spectra (gases that absorb coloured lines) using gas discharge tube

29
Q

Neils Bohr

A

Suggested that light in discrete quantums are also only allowed certain energy levels

30
Q

Neils Bohr

A

only accurately predicts special line for only hydrogen

31
Q

Robert Bunsen & Gustav Kirchhofft

A

Developed Spectroscopy in 1859

32
Q

Werner Heisenberg

A

Discovered the Uncertainty Principle

33
Q

Erwin Schrodinger

A

Used (devised) the Wave Equation (Wave Mechanics) to determine the probability of finding an atom’s electrons at a particular point within an atom

34
Q

Lous De Broglie

A

First Proposed that matter (particles) could have wave-like properties

35
Q

Antoine Lavoiser

A

“Father of Modern Chemistry”

36
Q

Milikan

A

Eye drop experiment

37
Q

Aufbau

A

Principle - Electrons enter orbitals of lowest energy first

38
Q

Pauli

A

Principle - No two electrons in the same atom can have the same set of quantum numbers

39
Q

Hund

A

Rule - Electrons occupy orbitals of equal energy, one electron enters each orbital until all the orbitals contain one electron with parallel spin. Then the second electron then adds to each orbital so that their spin is paired and opposite in direction.

40
Q

Atomos

A

the point of indivisibility

41
Q

Transmutation

A

Changing one substance into another

42
Q

Electromagnetic Spectrum

A

The range of frequencies (frequency of waves is continuous)

43
Q

Quantum

A

Energy from light in discrete/individual amounts/packets

44
Q

Photoelectric Effect

A

Radiation is shone on a metal and results in flowing energy

45
Q

Spectroscopy

A

When white light is passed through a prism, it splits into its component colours

46
Q

Spectral Lines

A

Occurs when the electron emits a quantum of energy in the form of light equal to the change in energy level

47
Q

Uncertainty Principle

A

It is impossible to know both the position and the momentum of an object beyond a certain measure of precision (mathematically proved)

48
Q

Orbital (Electron Cloud)

A

Region of space where the electron is most likely to be found
Isoelectronic - Atoms which have the same electron arrangements

Chemistry 4U (2 decks)

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