Atomic Theory Scientist (Question First) Flashcards
Engaged in thought experiments → Start of the Atomic Theory
Democritus
Proposed idea that all matter is composed of atoms (tiny particles).
Democritus
“The Father of Modern Atomic Theory”
John Dalton
Inferred proportions of elements
John Dalton
Proposed that Oxygen and Hydrogen are components of water
John Dalton
First to discover electrons but had no explanation for it
William Crookes
Discovered the Electron and explained it (found charge and mass)
J.J Thomson
Showed that electrons were part of matter - the structure of the atom had mass
J.J Thomson
“Raisins in Pudding”
J.J Thomson
“The Father of the Nuclear Atomic Atom”
Ernest Rutherford
Made improvements to the atomic model in regard to the characteristics of the nucleus and where the mass is found
Ernest Rutherford
Discovered radiations could split into 3 types of beams with magnetic fields
Ernest Rutherford
“The Gold Foil Experiment”
Ernest Rutherford
Identified the Proton
Ernest Rutherford
Discovered Radioactivity
Henri Becquerel
Discovered Protons, but did not know what it is
Goldstein
Discovered the Neutron
Chadwick
Proposed that light was a particle
Newton
Proposed that light was a wave
Huygen
Proposed that light is an electromagnetic wave
James Maxwell
Pioneered the field of the study of black bodies
Kerchhoff
Studied “Black Bodies”
Max Plank
Found a formula that treated light as if it was discrete, NOT continuous
(Treated the energy of the light in quantums of energy)
Max Plank
Discovered the Photoelectric Effect
Heinrich Hertz
Says light consisted of streams of Planck’s Quanta, and called them Photons
Albert Einstein
Used Spectroscopy to understand spectral lines
Neils Bohr
improvements to the characteristics of the electron
Neils Bohr
Discovered bright line spectra (coloured lines) and absorption spectra (gases that absorb coloured lines) using gas discharge tube
Neils Bohr
Suggested that light in discrete quantums are also only allowed certain energy levels
Neils Bohr
only accurately predicts special line for only hydrogen
Neils Bohr
Developed Spectroscopy in 1859
Robert Bunsen & Gustav Kirchhofft
Discovered the Uncertainty Principle
Werner Heisenberg
Used (devised) the Wave Equation (Wave Mechanics) to determine the probability of finding an atom’s electrons at a particular point within an atom
Erwin Schrodinger
First Proposed that matter (particles) could have wave-like properties
Lous De Broglie
“Father of Modern Chemistry”
Antoine Lavoiser
Eye drop experiment
Milikan
Principle - Electrons enter orbitals of lowest energy first
Aufbau
Principle - No two electrons in the same atom can have the same set of quantum numbers
Pauli
Rule - Electrons occupy orbitals of equal energy, one electron enters each orbital until all the orbitals contain one electron with parallel spin. Then the second electron then adds to each orbital so that their spin is paired and opposite in direction.
Hund
the point of indivisibility
Atomos
Changing one substance into another
Transmutation
The range of frequencies (frequency of waves is continuous)
Electromagnetic Spectrum
Energy from light in discrete/individual amounts/packets
Quantum
Radiation is shone on a metal and results in flowing energy
Photoelectric Effect
When white light is passed through a prism, it splits into its component colours
Spectroscopy
Occurs when the electron emits a quantum of energy in the form of light equal to the change in energy level
Spectral Lines
It is impossible to know both the position and the momentum of an object beyond a certain measure of precision (mathematically proved)
Uncertainty Principle
Region of space where the electron is most likely to be found
Isoelectronic - Atoms which have the same electron arrangements
Orbital (Electron Cloud)
