ATOMIC THEORY DEFINITIONS Flashcards

(27 cards)

1
Q

Alpha Particle

A

a helium nucleus with positive radition made up of 2 protons and 2 neutrons

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2
Q

Atomic Number

A

number of protons in the neucleus of an atom

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3
Q

Atomic orbital

A

the space around the neucleus of an atom where there is a high probability of finding an electron

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4
Q

Atomic Radius

A

half the distamce between the nuclei of 2 atoms of the same element joined together by a covalent bond

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5
Q

Aufbau Principle

A

Electrons will always occupy the lowest available energy level

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6
Q

Bond energy

A

the average amount of energy needed to break a band and seperate atoms of the same chemical species in the gaesous state

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7
Q

Cathode Rays

A

beams of negative particles called electrons

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8
Q

Compound

A

substance made up of 2 or more different types of atoms held together by a chemical bond

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9
Q

Daltons Atomic Theory

A

Atoms are made up of small indivisible particles and atoms of the same element are identical.

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10
Q

Electronegativity

A

the relative measure of attraction that the neuleus of an atom has for the shared electrons in a covalent bond.

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11
Q

Electronic configuration

A

the description of the number and arrangement of electrons in the energy level and sublevels of an atom.

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12
Q

Element

A

an element is a substance that cannot be broken down into simplier substances by chemical means.

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13
Q

Energy Level

A

the fixed amount of energy that an electron in an atom can have

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14
Q

Energy Sublevels

A

A group of atomic orbitals with the same energy value

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15
Q

First Ionisation Energy

A

The minimum amount of energy needed to remove the most loosely bound electron from a gaseous atom in ground state

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16
Q

Ground State

A

The minimum and most stable amount of fixed energy an electron in an atom can have, the lowest energy level.

17
Q

Half Life

A

the time taken for half the nuclei of a radioactive sample to decay

18
Q

Heinsberg’s Uncertainty Principle

A

states that it is impossible to know the location and speed of an electron at the same time

19
Q

Hund’s Rule

A

The P and D sublevels fill up singularly before doubling up

20
Q

INTRAmolecular forces

A

forces of attraction within a molecule

21
Q

INTERmolecular forces

A

forces of attraction between different molecules

22
Q

Isotopes

A

atoms with the same number of protons but different number of neutrons giving different mass numbers

23
Q

Mass Number

A

number of protons and neutrons in the nucelus of the atom

24
Q

MOlecule

A

a substance made up of two or more atoms held together by chemical bonds

25
Paulis Excluction Principle
no more than 2 electrons can occupy an energy sublevel and they must have opposite spins
26
Periodic System/ Periodic Law
the elements in the periodic table are listed in order of increasing atomic mass and the properties are repeated at regular intervals
27
Pi Bonds
covalent bond formed by the sideways overlaping of atomic orbitals